{ "version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1.1", "title": "Vetofish Frequently Asked Questions", "description": "Practical answers about aquatic-animal health and fish husbandry.", "home_page_url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/", "feed_url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/feed.json", "language": "en-GB", "authors": [ { "name": "Vetofish", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com" } ], "items": [ { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271396-comment-eliminer-les-depots-de-calcaire-en-aquarium/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271396-comment-eliminer-les-depots-de-calcaire-en-aquarium/", "title": "How to remove limescale deposits in an aquarium?", "content_text": "scale can form in an aquarium due to water evaporation, which leaves behind minerals such as calcium carbonate. scale can be an aesthetic problem, but can also affect water quality by raising the ph and hardening the water, which can be harmful to fish and plants. here are the steps to take to remove scale from an aquarium: 1. partially drain the aquarium water before you start removing limescale, you should drain about a third of the aquarium water to make cleaning easier. 2. remove decorations if you have decorations, carefully remove them and place them in a bucket of clean water. do not clean them with chemicals or detergents, as this may be harmful to fish. 3. use a descaler soak a clean sponge in white vinegar and gently scrub the walls of the aquarium. avoid rubbing too hard, as this could scratch the glass or damage the silicone. an alternative is to use citric acid or tartaric acid concentrated between 5 to 10%. to do this, you must dilute 5 to 10 grams in 100 ml of water. 4. rinse thoroughly after rubbing the walls with a descaler, rinse the aquarium thoroughly with clean water to remove any vinegar residue. 5. clean the decorations while you are cleaning the aquarium, you can also clean the decorations. use a soft brush to remove any accumulated limescale. 6. fill the aquarium after cleaning the aquarium, fill it again with clean water.", "summary": "scale can form in an aquarium due to water evaporation, which leaves behind minerals such as calcium carbonate. scale can be an aesthetic problem, but can also affect water quality by raising the ph and hardening the water, which can be harmful to fish and plants. here are the steps to take to remove scale from an aquarium: 1. partially drain the aquarium water before you start removing limescale, you should drain about a third of the aquarium water to make cleaning easier. 2. remove decorations", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-271396-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Weighing", "Limescale", "Water quality", "Aquariums" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271332-comment-importer-d-une-specialite-anesthesique-veterinaire-etrangere/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271332-comment-importer-d-une-specialite-anesthesique-veterinaire-etrangere/", "title": "How to import a foreign veterinary anesthetic specialty?", "content_text": "for example, there is no veterinary medicine authorized and appropriate in france for the anesthesia of fish or aquatic amphibians. recourse to importation may therefore be necessary in certain situations. two scenarios are possible depending on the applicant and the purpose: request made by the pharmacy manager for so called non therapeutic use (as part of a scientific research procedure) : the decree of february 1, 2013 relating to the delivery and use of medicines used by establishments approved as users of animals for scientific purposes stipulates that an establishment using animals for scientific purposes may acquire, hold and use veterinary medicines to treat animals in the exclusive context of carrying out experimental procedures carried out within the establishment. the process of importing a medicine for non use therapeutic by a user establishment is as follows: 1. declaration from the head of pharmacy to anses with the model \"declaration from the person responsible for the supply, stock management and use of medicines\" (to be sent to etab@anses.fr); more information on this page; 2. have a validated project authorization in which the use of the medication is indicated; 3. apply for import authorization from the anmv (anses) with the import request form for non therapeutic use. do not forget to attach the copy of the establishment approval, copy of the project authorization and the copy of the authorization of the person responsible for inventory management (point no. 1) as well as the rcp (collection of product characteristics). all documents should be sent to enreg@anses.fr. more information on this page; 4. contact the rights holder directly by email to place an order (send a copy of the import authorization issued by anses): for benzoak vet: acd pharmaceuticals as, postboks 344, 8376 leknes, norway/norway, post@acdpharma.com, +4776060930. download the spc of this medicine ... for aquacen benzocaina: carlos rodríguez, dvm crodriguez@cenavisa.com, +34608856280, cenavisa calle del boters 4, 43205 reus, spain/spain. download the spc of this medicine ... for tricaine pharmaq: roberto guijarro de la cal order.pharmaq@zoetis.com & cc: roberto.guijarro@zoetis.com, +34914191935, zoetis calle quintanavides 13, edificio 1, 3ª planta parque empresarial vía norte 28050, madrid, spain/spain. download the spc of this medicine ... for aqui s vet: customer.services.no@merck.com, +4755543735, msd thormøhlens gate 55, 5006 bergen, norway. download the spc of this medicine ... 5. trace all uses in the medicines register for medicines coming from europe, it is necessary to allow, if the file is complete, a maximum of 20 days for the process (step 3), extended to a maximum of 45 days if the medicine comes from a third country. request made by the treating veterinarian for therapeutic use (non procedural care): in this case, the procedure is simplified : 1. submit an import authorization request to the anmv (anses) with the import request form for therapeutic use. don't forget to attach the prescription you wrote, as well as the rcp (collection of product characteristics). all documents should be sent to enreg@anses.fr. more information on this page; 2. contact the rights holder directly (same as point 4 above) by email to place an order (send a copy of the import authorization issued by anses).", "summary": "for example, there is no veterinary medicine authorized and appropriate in france for the anesthesia of fish or aquatic amphibians. recourse to importation may therefore be necessary in certain situations. two scenarios are possible depending on the applicant and the purpose: request made by the pharmacy manager for so called non therapeutic use (as part of a scientific research procedure) : the decree of february 1, 2013 relating to the delivery and use of medicines used by establishments appro", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-271332-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Importation", "Anaesthesia", "Treatments", "Regulations", "Transport and shipping" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271308-qu-est-ce-que-l-attestation-de-connaissances-pour-les-animaux-de-compagnie-d-especes-domestiques/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271308-qu-est-ce-que-l-attestation-de-connaissances-pour-les-animaux-de-compagnie-d-especes-domestiques/", "title": "What is the Certificate of Knowledge for Pets of Domestic Species (ACACED)?", "content_text": "article l214 6 1 of the rural and maritime fishing code requires minimum knowledge to carry out activities related to animals of the following domestic species: management of a pound or a shelter commercial exercise of selling domestic animals (including 5 species of fish considered domestic) breeding, education and training transit or keeping of domestic animals presentation of dogs and cats to the public since january 1, 2016, the certificate of capacity for domestic animals (ccad) has been abolished and replaced by the acaced. to obtain authorization to practice, applicants must: proof of a diploma, title or certification attesting that they have the required knowledge (see appendix ii: list of diplomas order of february 4, 2016) or; 2016 (see list annex ii) or; follow training in one of the training centers authorizedby the ministry responsible for agriculture and pass the assessment. successful completion of the assessment results in the issuance of a certificate of knowledge for domestic companion animals (acaced) by the draaf paca. this certificate of knowledge is recognized as one of the proofs of knowledge allowing the exercise of activities related to companion animals. once one of the 4 conditions of exercise is justified, the applicant can initiate the declaration procedure of professional activity related to companion animals. the authorization to practice is only valid for 10 years. all persons concerned must update their knowledge every 10 years after the date written on the certificate of knowledge or date of issue of their certification (acaced, diploma or title). see also: list of training organizations accredited at national level until january 31, 2025", "summary": "article l214 6 1 of the rural and maritime fishing code requires minimum knowledge to carry out activities related to animals of the following domestic species: management of a pound or a shelter commercial exercise of selling domestic animals (including 5 species of fish considered domestic) breeding, education and training transit or keeping of domestic animals presentation of dogs and cats to the public since january 1, 2016, the certificate of capacity for domestic animals (ccad) has been ab", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-271308-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Domestic species", "ACACED", "Diagnosis", "Aquaculture", "Regulations" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271264-comment-choisir-un-fil-de-suture/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271264-comment-choisir-un-fil-de-suture/", "title": "How to choose a suture thread?", "content_text": "the needle: the needles are made of stainless steel, they are made up of a tip and a body. there are needles with a round, triangular, lanceolate (or diamond) or mixed (tapercut) section: triangular tip and round body. the round section allows you to puncture the tissues without tearing them while the triangular section includes 3 sharp edges, these triangular edges can cause tearing of the tissues when pulling the flap when the stitch is closed. this type of needle will be reserved for thick fabrics. needle body: along with the tip, the body is the other part of a needle. it can have different shapes (triangular, round, etc.); each of these shapes responds to a use. the body of the needle is the part which is gripped by the needle holder according to the 1/3 – 2/3 rule for good stability and grip. there are a very large number of curvature/body/tip associations to be able to adapt to all tissues and all surgeries. each type of needle body corresponds to a letter and a pictogram : codeshapepictogram s triangular r round l diamond / lanceolate / needles with a triangular body are generally used to pass through hard tissues such as skin, needles with a round body are most often used for suturing soft tissues. as for needles with a lanceolate body, also called spatulate, they are very often used in ophthalmology. needle tip: the tip is, with the body, one of the constituent elements of a surgical needle. it can have different geometries (round, triangular, diamond, foam, etc.); each of these shapes has an impact on the tissues it passes through and therefore a particular indication which takes into account the nature of the tissue to be sutured. tipscharacteristicsexamples of useroundnon sharpvisceral surgerytriangularpenetratingskin/cutaneous suturediamondsharp on 4 sidescalcified and sclerotic tissuesfoamatraumaticparenchymal tissues fine point : fine tip reverse cutting: reverse cut soft cut: soft cut precision point: precision tip taper point: conical tip conventional cutting: conventional cutting curvature of the needle: curvature is one of the needle characteristics. there are straight needles and curved needles. straight needles can be used without a needle holder; they are most often used for superficial planes. the curvature is expressed as an 8th of a circle; for example 5/8th or 3/8th, the 4/8th corresponding to a semi circle and 2/8th to the quarter of a circle (1/4). in practice, the deeper the plane, the more curved the needle must be. diameter of the thread: we speak of diameter (or gauge) for both the needle and the thread. the diameter is expressed differently depending on the reference pharmacopoeia. the decimal classification from the european pharmacopoeia (ep for european pharmacopoeia) is used as a reference to define the gauge of the wires (from 0.1 to 10). example: a decimal 2 corresponds to a thread of 0.20 to 0.29mm in diameter. but it is the american pharmacopoeia (usp for us pharmacopoeia) which is the most used: the caliber varies from 12/0 to 4 from the thinnest to the thickest and depending on the origin of the suture and its resorption profile. there is an equivalence between these two standards: uspep / decimalwire gauge in mm12 00.010.001 0.00911 00.10.010 0.01910 00.20.020 0.0299 00.30.030 0.0398 00.40.040 0.0497 00.50.050 0.0696 00.70.070 0.0995 010.10 0.1494 01.50.15 0.1993 020.20 0.2492.50.25 0.2992 0 30.30 0.34903.50.35 0.399140.40 0.499250.50 0.5993+460.60 0.699570.70 0.799680.80 0.899790.90 0.9998101.00 1.0999111.10 1.19910121.20 1.299 usp 2/0 = 0.30 to 0.339 mm wire length: it varies from 20 to 120 cm depending on the materials and their use. the most common length is 70 cm. monofilaments vs. braids: the suture material can be composed of a single filament (monofilament) or several filaments (multifilaments or braids). monofilaments have attractive qualities, such as strength, low tissue entrainment and low propensity to promote infection. it is accepted that the incidence infection rate is significantly lower with monofilament compared to braid. monofilaments constitute surgical progress because their structure facilitates intra tissue passage and eliminates the phenomenon of capillarity. the advantages of monofilaments are summarized in the table below: characteristicsadvantagesbenefitssmooth and regular surfaceexcellent intratissue passageminimum tissue traumaacapillarityno wicking effect prevents the propagation of infection applicable stitchesless risk of post operative infection better healing saving time uniform distribution of the tension force on the incisionelasticitybetter knot holdingsuture safety compared to monofilaments, braids are more likely to cause infections by capillarity, because the interstices between the fibers can facilitate the propagation of pathogenic elements along of the fiber and therefore directly in the location of the installation. the braids have a relatively rough surface which causes a “saw effect” when the thread passes through the tissues. absorbable vs. non absorbable once implanted, the suture material can remain in the body or, on the contrary, degrade. this distinction in behavior classifies sutures into two categories: non absorbable sutures and absorbable sutures. non absorbable sutures are permanently present in the body; they offer long term support; if used on a superficial level (skin or mucous membrane = ex: episiotomy), they will require removal. absorbable sutures disappear in the more or less long term; the degradation profile depends on the chemical composition of the threads. we are talking about sutures that are absorbable in the short term (~50 days), medium term (60 to 90 days), long term (180 to 210 days) or very long term (390 days). the degradation mechanism varies depending on the origin of the material constituting the suture. for resorbable synthetic threads, this is a hydrolysis reaction which guarantees homogeneous, regular and predictable degradation; it generates physiological metabolites (degradation products). resorption is also called “mass loss”. resorbable synthetic monofilament threads: polydioxanone: they have a very smooth surface, good elasticity and excellent tolerance. resorption occurs in approximately 210 days. polyglyconate, glycolide trimethylene carbonate (gtmc): resorption occurs between 180 and 270 days, with loss of 60% of its resistance at 21 days. poliglecaprone 25: it is characterized by great flexibility, a certain elasticity. resorption takes place between 90 and 120 days (hydrolysis). glycomer 631: it is characterized by great handling. non absorbable synthetic monofilament threads: polypropylene: unalterable, good tolerance. polyamide (nylon): good tolerance and flexibility. polybutester: it elongates under traction initially, then its elasticity ceases until rupture. stainless steel: source: abc of sutures ligatures (published brochure by the b.braun laboratory)", "summary": "the needle: the needles are made of stainless steel, they are made up of a tip and a body. there are needles with a round, triangular, lanceolate (or diamond) or mixed (tapercut) section: triangular tip and round body. the round section allows you to puncture the tissues without tearing them while the triangular section includes 3 sharp edges, these triangular edges can cause tearing of the tissues when pulling the flap when the stitch is closed. this type of needle will be reserved for thick fa", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-271264-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Sutures", "Regulations", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271181-comment-desinfecter-des-plantes-pour-aquarium/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271181-comment-desinfecter-des-plantes-pour-aquarium/", "title": "How to disinfect aquarium plants?", "content_text": "aquatic plants purchased in pet stores are frequent vectors for the introduction into an aquarium of undesirable organisms such as snails, parasites or algae. although this is not an absolute guarantee, the \"disinfection\" (improper term) of these plants helps reduce this risk. among the different disinfectants that can be used, potassium permanganate is very effective and is easily available in pharmacies (over the counter sale without prescription). please note, however, that certain fragile plants such as cabomba spp. , ceratophyllum spp. or myriophyllum spp. do not support this treatment. in practice, we proceed as follows: prepare a stock solution containing 1 g of potassium permanganate in 1 l of water (this solution can be kept for 2 to 4 weeks in the dark). take 5 ml of this stock solution to dilute again in 1 l of water. soak the plants in this diluted solution for a maximum of 30 minutes. rinse your plants with plenty of water after the potassium permanganate bath. more information on: aquawiki", "summary": "aquatic plants purchased in pet stores are frequent vectors for the introduction into an aquarium of undesirable organisms such as snails, parasites or algae. although this is not an absolute guarantee, the \"disinfection\" (improper term) of these plants helps reduce this risk. among the different disinfectants that can be used, potassium permanganate is very effective and is easily available in pharmacies (over the counter sale without prescription). please note, however, that certain fragile pl", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-271181-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Disinfection", "Parasites", "Treatments", "Aquariums", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271035-quelle-balance-choisir-pour-peser-des-medicaments-en-poudre/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271035-quelle-balance-choisir-pour-peser-des-medicaments-en-poudre/", "title": "Which scale to choose for weighing powdered medications?", "content_text": "it is essential to ask yourself the following questions before purchasing a scale intended for weighing medications to treat aquarium fish: what precision are we trying to obtain? what maximum weight should it weigh? (maximum load or reach) what minimum weight should it weigh? (minimum range) in what environment will it be used? (dust and humidity) precision classes the first criterion to take into account is the precision of the balance. there are four classes of precision recognized at european level: i (special): analytical balances (research and development in the food industry, hospitals, etc.) ii (fine): precision balances (pharmacies, medical analysis laboratories, etc.) iii (medium): industrial scales (industrial production, logistics, etc.), medical (medical scales), commercial (bakery, butchery, fishmonger, greengrocers, market sales, etc.) iv (ordinary): ordinary scales (kitchen, pocket etc.) the accuracy class is determined by the ratio between the maximum load of the scale (the range) and the scale (directive 2009/23/ec, annex i, paragraph 2.1). class verification scale (e) minimum rangenumber of verification steps (n = range / e) n minimum n maximumi special e ≥ 0.001 g 100 e 50,000 ii fine 0.001 g ≤ e ≤ 0.05 g e ≥ 0.1 g 20 e 50 e 100 5,000 100,000 100,000 iii average 0.1 g ≤ e ≤ 2 g e ≥ 5 g 20 e 20 e 100 500 10,000 10,000 iv ordinary e ≥ 5 g 10 e 100 1,000 the maximum range corresponds to the maximum load that the scale can measure. the scale (e) is the difference between 2 consecutive indications for a digital indicator. this is the smallest value that the instrument is capable of displaying as the mass increases. the smaller the scale, the more precise the balance. in general, the verification scale corresponds to the display accuracy. this is the case for class ii to iv balances. the range and the scale are closely linked. a scale that accepts a large load will in fact be less accurate than a scale that accepts a very small load. the graduation (d) (also called reading) is the smallest readable value of the weight in each range on the display. the meaning of the minimum range is not clear: it may refer to the minimum weight that the scale is capable of displaying or to the minimum weight recommended for precise measurements. for approved scales, they will not operate below this value (the tolerated error is then so significant in relation to the load that use for a regulated application is not permitted). 200 g / 0.1 g = 22,000 scales therefore a class ii balance attention: it will not be able to weigh weights less than 0.5 g (manufacturer data) or even 5 g (50 e) for regulated applications! protection index against dust and humidity the ip protection index is an international standard relating to the waterproofness of weighing instruments. the first number indicates the level of protection against solid bodies and the second against liquid bodies. the higher the number, the better the protection of the balance. the coding of the ip indices: index 1st digit (solid bodies) 2nd digit (liquid bodies) 0 no protection no protection 1 protection against higher solid bodies at 50 mm protection against vertical falling drops of water 2 protection against solid bodies greater than 12 mm protection against falling water with a maximum inclination of 15° 3 protection against solid bodies greater than 2.5 mm protection against water in rain (max. inclination. 60°) 4 protection against solid bodies greater than 1 mm protection against splashing water 5 protection against dust protection against jets of water 6 total protection against dust protection against strong jets of water 7 protection against the effects of temporary immersion 8 protection against the effects of submersion (max. 30 min.) 9 protection against the effects of submersion and high pressure cleaning pressure 9k protection against high pressure and high temperature cleaning", "summary": "it is essential to ask yourself the following questions before purchasing a scale intended for weighing medications to treat aquarium fish: what precision are we trying to obtain? what maximum weight should it weigh? (maximum load or reach) what minimum weight should it weigh? (minimum range) in what environment will it be used? (dust and humidity) precision classes the first criterion to take into account is the precision of the balance. there are four classes of precision recognized at europea", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-271035-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Veterinary medicines", "Weighing", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Aquariums" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/224618-quels-sont-les-laboratoires-departementaux-veterinaires-specialises-en-poissons/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/224618-quels-sont-les-laboratoires-departementaux-veterinaires-specialises-en-poissons/", "title": "Which departmental veterinary laboratories specialize in fish?", "content_text": "if you require virological testing as part of an official qualification program (shv, nhi, khv), the samples taken by your veterinarian must be sent to a departmental veterinary laboratory approved for this type of research. you will find below the main laboratories concerned: departmental veterinary laboratory of finistère (29) address: 22 avenue plage des gueux, za de créac'h gwen, cs 13031, 29334 quimper cedex telephone: 02 98 10 28 88 analysis approvals: shv, nhi internal site hérault departmental veterinary laboratory (34) address: 306, rue croix de las cazes, cs 69013, 34967 montpellier cedex 2 telephone: 04 67 67 51 40 analysis approvals: shv, nhi internal site jura departmental analysis laboratory (39) address: 59 rue du vieil hôpital, bp 40135, 39802 poligny cedex 2 telephone: 03 84 73 73 40 analytical approvals: shv, nhi internal site departmental veterinary laboratory of the pyrenees and landes (40) address: 1 rue marcel david, 40004 mont de marsan telephone: 05 58 06 08 08 analysis approvals: shv, nhi internal site departmental veterinary laboratory of orne (61) address: 19 rue candie, cs 60007, 61001 alençon cedex telephone: 02 33 82 39 12 analytical approvals: shv, nhi departmental veterinary laboratory of pas de calais (62) address: 2, rue du genévrier sp18, 62022 arras cedex telephone: 03 21 51 46 54 analytical approvals: shv, nhi seine maritime departmental veterinary laboratory (76) address: avenue du grand cours, bp 1140, 76175 rouen cedex 1 telephone: 02 35 03 50 00 analysis approvals: shv, nhi you will find the complete list here on the website of the ministry of agriculture.", "summary": "if you require virological testing as part of an official qualification program (shv, nhi, khv), the samples taken by your veterinarian must be sent to a departmental veterinary laboratory approved for this type of research. you will find below the main laboratories concerned: departmental veterinary laboratory of finistère (29) address: 22 avenue plage des gueux, za de créac'h gwen, cs 13031, 29334 quimper cedex telephone: 02 98 10 28 88 analysis approvals: shv, nhi internal site hérault depart", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-224618-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Testing", "Veterinary laboratories", "Viral diseases", "Diagnosis" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/216242-peut-on-donner-du-pain-a-manger-a-des-carpes-kois/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/216242-peut-on-donner-du-pain-a-manger-a-des-carpes-kois/", "title": "Can you feed koi carp bread?", "content_text": "in addition to the basic food, it is possible to occasionally give bread to your koi carp, but you must respect a few rules. bread is not really adapted to the nutritional needs of koi carp. although it contains vegetable proteins (around 9% protein), this contribution remains largely insufficient; in addition, part of these proteins is represented by gluten which is a completely insoluble (and indigestible) protein fraction. the high concentration of carbohydrates or carbohydrates (around 50%), can also induce metabolic disorders such as hepatic degeneration (excess glycogen). the vitamin contribution of bread is interesting (vitamins vitamins a, b, c, e) but remains very low compared to specific foods for carp koi. wholemeal bread rather than white bread according to mark davies (the great encyclopedia of fascinating koi, chantecler editions), white bread should be banned because it contains aluminum sulfate, an additive used as a bleaching agent and would be chronically toxic for koi carp. sand bread rather than hard bread hard bread can cause injuries in the oral cavity. you should therefore favor soft bread or, failing that, first soak the hard bread in water.", "summary": "in addition to the basic food, it is possible to occasionally give bread to your koi carp, but you must respect a few rules. bread is not really adapted to the nutritional needs of koi carp. although it contains vegetable proteins (around 9% protein), this contribution remains largely insufficient; in addition, part of these proteins is represented by gluten which is a completely insoluble (and indigestible) protein fraction. the high concentration of carbohydrates or carbohydrates (around 50%),", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-216242-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Feeding", "Koi carp", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/209482-comment-bien-se-laver-les-mains/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/209482-comment-bien-se-laver-les-mains/", "title": "How to wash your hands properly?", "content_text": "wash your hands with soap and water when they are visibly soiled. otherwise, use hydroalcoholic friction for hand hygiene. duration of the procedure: 40 to 60 seconds. wet hands thoroughly apply enough soap to cover all surfaces of the hands and rub palm to palm using a rotating motion the back of the left hand with a back and forth movement exerted by the palm of the right hand, and vice versa the interdigital spaces, palm to palm and fingers interlaced, exercising a movement from front to back the back of the fingers in the palm of the opposite hand, with a lateral back and forth movement the thumb of the left hand by rotation in the right hand, and vice versa the pads of the fingers of the right hand in the palm of the left hand, and vice versa rinse hands with water dry hands thoroughly using a single use hand towel turn off the tap using the same hand towel your hands are clean and ready for treatment", "summary": "wash your hands with soap and water when they are visibly soiled. otherwise, use hydroalcoholic friction for hand hygiene. duration of the procedure: 40 to 60 seconds. wet hands thoroughly apply enough soap to cover all surfaces of the hands and rub palm to palm using a rotating motion the back of the left hand with a back and forth movement exerted by the palm of the right hand, and vice versa the interdigital spaces, palm to palm and fingers interlaced, exercising a movement from front to back", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-209482-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Hand washing", "Hygiene", "Treatments", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/209126-quelles-sont-les-conditions-minimales-pour-maintenir-un-poisson-rouge/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/209126-quelles-sont-les-conditions-minimales-pour-maintenir-un-poisson-rouge/", "title": "What are the minimum conditions for keeping a goldfish?", "content_text": "the goldfish carassius auratus is a freshwater fish that is commonly found in aquariums but it is unfortunately very rare that it is kept in satisfactory conditions. goldfish are very demanding in terms of breeding and they should not be recommended for beginner aquarists. their genetic selection pushed to the extreme makes them very fragile, their digestive physiology is very restrictive, they are big water polluters... in good conditions, a goldfish can easily live for around fifteen years, otherwise, it will struggle to reach 5 years. shape of the aquarium the shape of the aquarium should be rectangular (or square) . no species of fish is suitable for a ball aquarium, because whatever its volume of water, gas exchanges (oxygen / carbon dioxide) are very poor (low water surface in relation to the volume). it is recalled that ball aquariums are prohibited (rightly) in certain european countries such as italy. volume of the aquarium the minimum volume required for a goldfish is 50 liters per individual . for a couple, you therefore need 100 liters of water. for large specimens of goldfish, this volume should be increased to 100 to 200 liters of water per individual. for common goldfish, when possible, it is even preferable to keep them in an outdoor pool (even in winter). floor the floor of the aquarium should be covered with sand fine (loire sand or quartz sand). gravel or large pebbles should be avoided as organic matter may accumulate in the gaps. filtration aquariums need a filter to collect droppings and detoxify the ammonia excreted by the fish. goldfish being large polluters, the filter must be of a substantial volume with good mechanical and biological filtration . group goldfish are gregarious animals (which live in groups). it is advisable to maintain at least 2 specimens in order to reduce stress and the appearance of overly stereotyped behavior. feeding goldfish are omnivorous, meaning that their diet must include foods of both plant and animal origin. they cannot be satisfied with flake or pellet food . to feed them correctly, refer to this section: how do i feed my goldfish in an aquarium?", "summary": "the goldfish carassius auratus is a freshwater fish that is commonly found in aquariums but it is unfortunately very rare that it is kept in satisfactory conditions. goldfish are very demanding in terms of breeding and they should not be recommended for beginner aquarists. their genetic selection pushed to the extreme makes them very fragile, their digestive physiology is very restrictive, they are big water polluters... in good conditions, a goldfish can easily live for around fifteen years, ot", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-209126-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Goldfish", "Aquariums", "Water quality", "Ponds and koi", "Aquaculture" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/204166-qu-est-ce-qu-un-protocole-de-soins-en-pisciculture/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/204166-qu-est-ce-qu-un-protocole-de-soins-en-pisciculture/", "title": "What is a fish farming care protocol?", "content_text": "the care protocol is a document introduced by the decree of april 24, 2007relating to health surveillance and care regularly entrusted to the veterinarian. in continuation of breeding health assessment, the veterinarian draws up a care protocol which will serve as a reference for the prescription of medications without systematic clinical examination. he focuses in particular on: specifying the health measures, i.e. hygiene measures and good breeding practices not requiring the use of medications, particularly for conditions defined as priorities during the livestock health assessment; identify all of the conditions that the livestock has already been confronted with for which the veterinarian can prescribe veterinary medications without prior clinical examination of the animals; describe the methods for implementing medicinal treatments. the care protocol includes at least: the general program of health measures necessary for reasoned conduct of breeding depending on the species and, where applicable, the type of production concerned and the preventive measures requiring the use of medicines, in particular vaccination treatments; the conditions with which the breeding has already been confronted for which a prescription may be made without prior clinical examination of the animals: for the health priority(s) of the breeding: the health measures necessary to combat these conditions; the implementation modalities implemented and the precautions to be taken in the event of drug treatment; the health alert criteria triggering a new visit from the veterinarian; for other conditions not defined as priorities with which the farm has already been confronted: the methods of implementation and the precautions to be taken in the event of drug treatment; the health alert criteria triggering a new visit from the veterinarian veterinarian. the information that the animal keeper must communicate to the veterinarian so that the latter can assess the evolution of the health status of the livestock with regard to the reference health status defined during the breeding health assessment for the conditions considered. the care protocol is signed by the veterinarian and the animal keeper. it is attached to the breeding register, and its duplicate kept at the professional administrative or practice address of the veterinarian. the protocol is updated at least once a year, during each regular monitoring visit or after updating the breeding health report. see also: palette “prescription and delivery of veterinary medicines” published by the ministry of agriculture.", "summary": "the care protocol is a document introduced by the decree of april 24, 2007relating to health surveillance and care regularly entrusted to the veterinarian. in continuation of breeding health assessment, the veterinarian draws up a care protocol which will serve as a reference for the prescription of medications without systematic clinical examination. he focuses in particular on: specifying the health measures, i.e. hygiene measures and good breeding practices not requiring the use of medication", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-204166-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Care protocol", "Aquaculture", "Treatments", "Hygiene and biosecurity", "Transport and shipping" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/204161-en-quoi-consiste-le-bilan-sanitaire-d-elevage/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/204161-en-quoi-consiste-le-bilan-sanitaire-d-elevage/", "title": "What does the livestock health assessment consist of?", "content_text": "the breeding health assessment (bse) is a system introduced by the decree of april 24, 2007relating to health surveillance and care regularly entrusted to the veterinarian. it is carried out by a veterinarian during a scheduled visit to the advance made on the farm in the presence of the animal holder and during the period of holding a band or batch of animals representative of the species and, where applicable, the type of production. its objective is to define the reference health status of a fish farm by identifying in particular the main conditions observed in the farm during the previous year, some of which are considered priorities. at the end of the bse, the veterinarian will develop a care protocol with the breeder; a list of preventive and curative measures to be put in place to control the main health problems identified. in order to prepare the breeding health report, the veterinarian must collect a certain amount of data concerning the breeding over the period of the previous twelve months, in particular during the regular provision of care. these data come from the analysis of health interventions recorded in the breeding register, the results of laboratory analyzes (biological, parasitological, necropsy, etc.) and any other data made available by the breeder. farm health assessment visit during the breeding health assessment visit, the veterinarian assesses the state of health of the animals but without carrying out an individual clinical examination of all the animals. at based on the information collected and the examinations carried out, the veterinarian establishes a list of conditions that the farm has already been confronted with. for each condition, it estimates the prevalence and importance. the importance takes into account the impact on public health, particularly with regard to the quality of food produced for human consumption, the impact on animal health, the economic impact for the farm as well as criteria specific to the situation of the breeder and his breeding. these data represent the reference health status of the farm. on this occasion, the veterinarian and the keeper of the animals determine the conditions against which it is appropriate to combat as a priority within the farm. for these conditions deemed priority, the veterinarian studies all the possible causes taking into account their multifactorial aspect. as such, it may be necessary to collect information concerning: the environment of the animals, such as the organization of breeding structures, the design and maintenance of equipment; the feeding of the animals; the animals, such as the methods of conducting breeding or carrying out care. for each species and, where applicable, for each type of production, the analysis following the health assessment visit breeding is the subject of the drafting of a summary document. the breeding health assessment is subject to an update at least annually. to plan your health assessment, contact us by telephone or by clicking here.", "summary": "the breeding health assessment (bse) is a system introduced by the decree of april 24, 2007relating to health surveillance and care regularly entrusted to the veterinarian. it is carried out by a veterinarian during a scheduled visit to the advance made on the farm in the presence of the animal holder and during the period of holding a band or batch of animals representative of the species and, where applicable, the type of production. its objective is to define the reference health status of a ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-204161-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Aquaculture", "Feeding", "Regulations" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/203523-comment-conditionner-un-poisson-mort-pour-l-envoi/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/203523-comment-conditionner-un-poisson-mort-pour-l-envoi/", "title": "How to package dead fish for shipping?", "content_text": "if you want us to carry out an autopsy on one or more fish, you must send us the samples quickly and in the best conditions. in order for your sample to be considered compliant, be sure to respect these few rules: bag and label place your fish in a plastic bag (freezer bag type). if you have several fish, use one bag per fish and remember to label them carefully. close the bag(s) securely, either with a tight knot or with the zip slider. absorption device against liquid leaks add absorbent paper (sopalin type) to the outside of the bag(s) containing the fish. temperature maintenance whether your fish is fresh or frozen, it is important to add one or two eutectic devices (or \"blue block\") to your shipment. the blue blocks must first be placed in the freezer for at least 20 hours to ensure good temperature maintenance. place the samples previously packaged with the blue block(s) in a plastic bag (freezer bag type). close the bag tightly. packaging place everything in a strong cardboard box . fill the empty spaces in the box with crumpled newspaper . if you have not previously paid online, add your payment check . sending the package send your package to us by express chronopost delivery (less than 24 hours).", "summary": "if you want us to carry out an autopsy on one or more fish, you must send us the samples quickly and in the best conditions. in order for your sample to be considered compliant, be sure to respect these few rules: bag and label place your fish in a plastic bag (freezer bag type). if you have several fish, use one bag per fish and remember to label them carefully. close the bag(s) securely, either with a tight knot or with the zip slider. absorption device against liquid leaks add absorbent paper", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-203523-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Transport", "Fish carcasses", "Shipping", "Diagnosis", "Regulations" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/202970-comment-envoyer-un-prelevement-pour-analyse/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/202970-comment-envoyer-un-prelevement-pour-analyse/", "title": "How to send a sample for analysis?", "content_text": "the time between collection and analysis must not exceed 24 hours. it is therefore necessary to send your samples immediately after collection and to use express delivery such as chronopost delivery the next day before 1 p.m. : ready to ship range in box format : packaging + postage. purchase online (boutique.chronopost.fr) or at a post office; chrono 13 range : postage only (label to stick on your own package). purchase possible only online (www.chronopost.fr). it is imperative that the water samples reach us the next day: before taking your sample, check with the post office where you will drop off the package, the maximum drop off time for the packages chronopost. choose carefully the day on which you will take the sample: samples (water, fresh or frozen fish) should be sent to us only from monday to thursday (we are closed on saturday) and not the day before a public holiday. do not send your sample if we have not informed our laboratory in advance to ensure our availability. your package must be sent to the address: vetofish, 7 rue de la salamandre, 13220 châteauneuf les martigues, france .", "summary": "the time between collection and analysis must not exceed 24 hours. it is therefore necessary to send your samples immediately after collection and to use express delivery such as chronopost delivery the next day before 1 p.m. : ready to ship range in box format : packaging + postage. purchase online (boutique.chronopost.fr) or at a post office; chrono 13 range : postage only (label to stick on your own package). purchase possible only online (www.chronopost.fr). it is imperative that the water s", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-202970-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Sampling", "Testing", "Transport", "Diagnosis", "Transport and shipping" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/201777-quelles-sont-les-maladies-a-declaration-obligatoire/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/201777-quelles-sont-les-maladies-a-declaration-obligatoire/", "title": "What are the notifiable diseases?", "content_text": "a notifiable animal disease (mado) is, as defined by the world organization for animal health (oie), an animal disease included in a list established by the government veterinary administration of each member, and the detection or suspicion of which must be brought immediately to the attention of the veterinary authority in accordance with national regulations, in order to monitor a possible departure epidemic and take appropriate measures to contain it. the list of notifiable diseases of aquatic animals is defined by each state based on the single oie list (updated in 2015): fish diseases koi carp herpesvirus (hcv) aphanomyces invadans infection (epizootic ulcerative syndrome) gyrodactylus salaris infection infection with rhp deleted variants of infectious salmon anemia virus or rhp0 variants of this virus salmonid alphavirus infection iridovirosis of japanese sea bream epizootic hematopoietic necrosis infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) spring viremia of carp consult the list of aquaculture establishments recognized as free from shv, nhi or hcv (updated 10/10/2016) ... amphibian diseases batrachochytrium infection dendrobatidis ranavirus infection shellfish diseases necrotizing hepatopancreatitis yellow head virus infection white spot disease white tail disease infectious myonecrosis infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis crayfish plague (aphanomyces astaci) taura syndrome shellfish diseases bonamia exitiosa infection bonamia ostreae infection marteilia refringens infection perkinsus marinus infection perkinsus olseni infection xenohaliotis californiesis infection abalone herpesvirus infection", "summary": "a notifiable animal disease (mado) is, as defined by the world organization for animal health (oie), an animal disease included in a list established by the government veterinary administration of each member, and the detection or suspicion of which must be brought immediately to the attention of the veterinary authority in accordance with national regulations, in order to monitor a possible departure epidemic and take appropriate measures to contain it. the list of notifiable diseases of aquati", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-201777-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Notifiable diseases", "Viral diseases", "Diagnosis", "Ponds and koi", "Aquaculture" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/201635-quelles-sont-les-habilitations-necessaires-pour-transporter-des-poissons-vivants/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/201635-quelles-sont-les-habilitations-necessaires-pour-transporter-des-poissons-vivants/", "title": "What authorizations are required to transport live fish?", "content_text": "since january 5, 2008, under ec regulation no. 1/2005, any person carrying out, on his own behalf or on behalf of a third party, the transport of live vertebrate animals (mammals, birds, fish, etc.…) must hold an authorization. this authorization is broken down into 3 points: the driver must know how to transport animals: he must hold captav (or tav training for fish) or have obtained a recognized diploma. the means of transport must be approved to be able to transport animals. a commitment from the farm. scope of application this regulations apply to the transport of animals carried out as part of an economic activity. the activity is interpreted in the broad sense and can result from the transport itself or its purpose (sale of animals, various transactions, driving to the slaughterhouse or assembly center). it does not apply, even if it is carried out as part of an economic activity, if the transport takes place over a distance of less than 65 km. however, this exemption does not exempt compliance with general principles, particularly concerning the fitness of animals for travel and the conformity of means of transport. driver qualification there are 2 ways to obtain a driver qualification: a recognized diploma in accordance with decree of november 12, 2015: state diploma of veterinary doctor brevet of higher agricultural technician option “animal productions” brevet of higher agricultural technician “aquaculture productions” brevet of higher agricultural technician option “aquaculture” brevet of technician agricultural, production option, aquaculture specialty professional baccalaureate “aquaculture production” professional baccalaureate “marine cultures” co signed with the ministries of national education and equipment professional agricultural and maritime certificate “aquaculture production” option professional certificate “aquaculture production” professional certificate “operation manager” maritime aquaculture continental” brevet of professional agricultural studies “fish farming” brevet of professional agricultural studies “aquaculture work” brevet of professional agricultural studies “aquaculture production” recognized training “transport of live animals” (species not concerned by the captav) complies with regulations (ec) n°1/2005, and the official list of which is managed by the bergerie nationale de rambouillet(interactive map). the 12 organizations recognized for providing tav \"aquaculture species\" training are as follows (updated on 08/25/2022): amazone consultants 119 rue de grenelle, 75007 paris eplefpa de brioude bonnefont cfppa de brioude bonnefont bonnefont, 43100 fontannes eplefpa de merdrignac cfa de merdrignac 6 rue du porhoët, 22230 merdrignac eplefpa de saint joseph cfppa de saint joseph 24 rue raphaël babet, 97480 saint joseph eplefpa de vire – cfppa de vire les champs de tracy, route de caen, 14500 vire eplefpa des combrailles cfppa des combrailles avenue jules l'ecuyer, 63390 saint gervais d'auvergne eplefpa du loir et cher – cfppa de vendôme areines bp 106, 41106 vendôme cedex eplefpa du morvan – cfppa château chinon rue pierre mendes france, 58120 château chinon istav – scientific and technical institute of animals in the city 85 avenue pasteur, 93260 les lilas repti conseils & training 62 avenue krüger, 91800 brunoy the dog domain north zone, pôle caraïbes airport, 97139 les abymes zoopro 58 avenue du maréchal foch, 83000 toulon see also: complete list of training organizations implementing training relating to the transport of live animals (valid until 08/31/2026). vehicle conformity certificate and commitment to do with the ddpp of the department commitment of the farm this commitment allows the legal manager of the company (farm, etc.) to certify that he is aware of all the points to be able to transport or have transported the animals on his farm, namely: comply with the regulatory requirements relating to the transport of animals in terms of animal protection and health; return the duly completed travel log, in the case of long term travel, to the departmental directorate of veterinary services of the place of departure of the animals within one month after the end of the trip; ensure that at no time, from departure until arrival at destination, the batch of animals transported comes into contact with animals of a different health status from them, and that vehicles are cleaned and disinfected, as soon as possible after use; guarantee, at all times, the qualification of personnel to handle and transport animals, as well as to give, if necessary, appropriate first aid to transported animals. reference texts in france, the legislative and regulatory provisions (decrees and orders) relating to the transport of live animals are based on: council regulation (ec) no. 1/2005 of 22 december 2004relating to the protection of animals during transport and related operations, and amending the directives 64/432/eec and 93/119/ec and regulation (ec) no 1255/97; corridendum to council regulation (ec) no 1/2005 of 22 december 2004 on the protection of animals during transport and related operations and amending directives 64/432/eec and 93/119/ec and regulation (ec) no 99 5 january 6, 1999 relating to dangerous and stray animals and animal protection; decree of november 12, 2015relating to the authorization or registration of training organizations implementing the training required for people carrying out live animal conveyor functions; dger/sdpfe/2015 1085 memo of december 14, 2015: specifications for the authorization or registration of training organizations for continuing professional training activities relating to the welfare of animals during their transport by road.", "summary": "since january 5, 2008, under ec regulation no. 1/2005, any person carrying out, on his own behalf or on behalf of a third party, the transport of live vertebrate animals (mammals, birds, fish, etc.…) must hold an authorization. this authorization is broken down into 3 points: the driver must know how to transport animals: he must hold captav (or tav training for fish) or have obtained a recognized diploma. the means of transport must be approved to be able to transport animals. a commitment from", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-201635-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Transport", "Live fish", "Aquaculture", "Regulations", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194881-comment-estimer-la-biomasse-d-un-bassin-de-carpes-kois/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194881-comment-estimer-la-biomasse-d-un-bassin-de-carpes-kois/", "title": "How to estimate the biomass of a koi pond?", "content_text": "knowledge of the fish population in a pond may be necessary when you want to know if you are feeding your fish sufficiently, or when you need to administer treatment via food. the simplest and most precise method is to weigh each fish individually, but this ideal situation is only possible when the population is small and you have mastered the operations of capturing and tranquilizing the animals. most of the time, it is necessary to use an indirect method: by sampling divide the number of your fish into 2 to 4 groups according to their size; catch one or two representative specimens from each group, then weigh them; for each group, multiply the average weight found by the number of individuals in the group. by the size of the fish divide the number of your fish into 2 to 4 groups according to their size; catch one or two representative specimens from each group, then measure their total length; evaluate the estimated weight of each fish captured using the table below; for each group, multiply the estimated average weight by the number of individuals in the group. total lengthestimated weightnormalskinny ( 10%)large (+10%) 10 cm 21 g 19 g23 g 15 cm 67 g 60 g74 g 20 cm 154 g 138 g169 g 25 cm 292 g 263 g321 g 30 cm 494 g 444 g543 g 35 cm 770 g 693 g847 g 40 cm 1130 g 1017 g1244 g 45 cm 1587 g 1428 g1746 g 50 cm 2150 g 1935 g2365 g 55 cm 2829 g 2546 g3112 g 60 cm 3634 g 3271 g3998 g 65 cm 4576 g 4119 g5034 g 70 cm 5665 g 5099 g6232 g 75 cm 6910 g 6219 g7602 g 80 cm 8322 g 7490 g9154 g you can use this tool for your calculations: excel spreadsheet (xls) by the quantity of food distributed if you have a good idea of the rationing rate of your fish, you can make the following estimate : estimated weight (kg) = 0.1 x quantity of feed distributed per day (g) / rationing rate (%) example: if you distribute 600 g of food per day, with a rationing rate of 1.5%, then the fish biomass must be 40 kg. koi carp are generally fed between 0.5 and 2% per day (depends on the age of the fish and the season).", "summary": "knowledge of the fish population in a pond may be necessary when you want to know if you are feeding your fish sufficiently, or when you need to administer treatment via food. the simplest and most precise method is to weigh each fish individually, but this ideal situation is only possible when the population is small and you have mastered the operations of capturing and tranquilizing the animals. most of the time, it is necessary to use an indirect method: by sampling divide the number of your ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-194881-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Koi carp", "Biomass", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194820-comment-preparer-un-substrat-biologique-neuf-en-plastique/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194820-comment-preparer-un-substrat-biologique-neuf-en-plastique/", "title": "How to prepare a new biological plastic substrate?", "content_text": "whether bioballe, kaldnes k1/k3 or hélix, these small devices are manufactured by pouring hot plastic into a mold previously coated with wax (to facilitate unmolding). but after unmolding, a light film of wax persists on the surface of the plastic, which tends to slow down the colonization of bacteria responsible for the biological nitrogen cycle (nitrosomonas, nitrobacter, nitrocystis). in order for the creation of this biofilm to be the fastest, we recommend cleaning these filtration substrates with the following method: in a plastic container containing 100 liters of tap water , add 20 g of potassium permanganate (kmno4), then place the plastic devices for 48 hours , then rinse them thoroughly before placing them in your filter. potassium permanganate, with its strong oxidizing power, acts by dissolving the wax film, but it also attacks the surface of the plastic to make it rougher, which makes it easier for bacteria to adhere. potassium permanganate is available without a prescription in pharmacies (generally in 1 g sachets). do not apply this method on \"chip\" type biological substrates (polyethylene foam disk). warnings protect your eyes (goggles) and wear gloves, because potassium permanganate is irritating and corrosive. if splashed in the eye, rinse directly under tap water then contact a doctor immediately.", "summary": "whether bioballe, kaldnes k1/k3 or hélix, these small devices are manufactured by pouring hot plastic into a mold previously coated with wax (to facilitate unmolding). but after unmolding, a light film of wax persists on the surface of the plastic, which tends to slow down the colonization of bacteria responsible for the biological nitrogen cycle (nitrosomonas, nitrobacter, nitrocystis). in order for the creation of this biofilm to be the fastest, we recommend cleaning these filtration substrate", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-194820-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Preparation", "Diagnosis", "Fish health" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194739-comment-monter-une-cuve-de-quarantaine-hospitalisation-pour-carpes-kois/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194739-comment-monter-une-cuve-de-quarantaine-hospitalisation-pour-carpes-kois/", "title": "How to set up a quarantine/hospitalization tank for koi carp?", "content_text": "the isolation of new acquisitions and their treatment in the event of a disease declaration are the only defenses against an epidemic which could have catastrophic consequences in your pond. this proximity allows close control: observation with the naked eye of the slightest physical abnormality (wound, skin infection, parasites), physiological (breathing, food intake) or behavioral (rubbing, lethargy). the quarantine tank is the ideal place to provide care attentive to sick animals (repeated local treatments, balneation treatments, etc.) or to implement medical prophylaxis (preventive treatments). necessary materials a high density polyethylene (hdpe) tank with a volume of 1 m3 (1000 liters) graduated from which you cut the upper face: example of model (around €200) a taut net to prevent the carp from jumping out of the tank a aerator with diffuser (bubbler) held at the bottom of the tank a permanent ammonia tester: ammonia alert from the seachem brand an external pump with sufficient length of pipe to fill the tank with water from the pool possibly external filtration (not necessary if the water is renewed at least every 48 hours) rules to follow place the tank at a reasonable distance from the pool to limit the risk of contamination. protect the tank from heat (shaded place, insulation of walls) or cold (room, insulation of walls, heating). do not house in the tank only one koi carp (regardless of its weight), or several koi carp whose total weight does not exceed 2 kg. have dedicated equipment: landing nets, filtration, aeration. only intervene in quarantine (feeding, maintenance) after interventions in the pool. ensure that you can drain the tank easily (drainage pipes connected on the drain valve, sump, etc.). monitor the ammonia concentration daily and change the water if necessary.", "summary": "the isolation of new acquisitions and their treatment in the event of a disease declaration are the only defenses against an epidemic which could have catastrophic consequences in your pond. this proximity allows close control: observation with the naked eye of the slightest physical abnormality (wound, skin infection, parasites), physiological (breathing, food intake) or behavioral (rubbing, lethargy). the quarantine tank is the ideal place to provide care attentive to sick animals (repeated lo", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-194739-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Quarantine", "Koi carp", "Parasites", "Diagnosis", "Treatments" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194410-comment-conditionner-un-prelevement-d-eau-pour-analyse/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194410-comment-conditionner-un-prelevement-d-eau-pour-analyse/", "title": "How to condition a water sample for analysis?", "content_text": "if you want us to carry out an analysis of your water (aquarium, pond, borehole, tap, etc.) you must send us the samples quickly and in the best conditions. in order for your sample to be considered compliant, be sure to respect these few rules: bottled for the main water parameters, a simple 0.5 l plastic bottle is sufficient. in the event of a specific request (search for micropollutants for example), the second sample in a glass bottle may be necessary. remember to clearly identify each bottle with the origin of the sample, the date and time of sampling, as well as the temperature at the time of sampling. you can also wrap tape around the cap to limit the risk of opening during the transport. temperature maintenance except in winter, it is important to add one or two eutectic devices (or \"blue block\") to your shipment. the blue blocks must first be put in the freezer for at least 20 hours to ensure good temperature maintenance. packaging place your bottles and the blue blocks in robust cardboard . if there are glass bottles, protect them well against impact with bubble wrap or polystyrene . order online consult note boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.", "summary": "if you want us to carry out an analysis of your water (aquarium, pond, borehole, tap, etc.) you must send us the samples quickly and in the best conditions. in order for your sample to be considered compliant, be sure to respect these few rules: bottled for the main water parameters, a simple 0.5 l plastic bottle is sufficient. in the event of a specific request (search for micropollutants for example), the second sample in a glass bottle may be necessary. remember to clearly identify each bottl", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-194410-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Sampling", "Testing", "Diagnosis", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194088-comment-nourrir-mes-poissons-rouges-en-aquarium/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194088-comment-nourrir-mes-poissons-rouges-en-aquarium/", "title": "How do I feed my goldfish in an aquarium?", "content_text": "goldfish are omnivorous, which means that their diet must include foods of plant and animal origin. they cannot be satisfied with food in flakes or granules. to feed them correctly, you must give them regularly: food of animal origin these are brine shrimp, tubifex, which you will find frozen in pet stores (prefer frozen foods to dehydrated ones). fresh daphnia are very good for transit and can also be distributed every week. plants they are very important, especially for certain short bodied varieties whose intestinal transit is poor. your fish need plants. frozen spinach, cut into very small pieces, is very popular. likewise, lettuce, zucchini and cucumber are good foods. they are poached then placed in the bin. lettuce floats, so it is useful to trap it under a decor, otherwise it will block the filter inlet. leftover food will be removed from the tank after 24 hours. likewise, don’t forget to plant egeria densa (dense elodea) in your tank. so, on the day you don't have time to prepare vegetables for your scales, they can help themselves. distribution goldfish do not have a stomach and giving them a large quantity of daily food can be very detrimental to them. it is best to give them small quantities several times a day. not all varieties have the same mobility, it is also imperative to check that all the fish have something to eat. the most clumsy varieties will quickly get into the habit of asking for their food while staying away from the faster ones. it is advisable to let the fish fast for one day a week. finally, if you are going on vacation, avoid \"holiday blocks\" because they are very polluting and the goldfish can make themselves ill by trying to swallow the block. your fish can go several days without eating, and if your absence is too long, you can always invest in a dispenser that you fill with pellets (not glitter, they can stick with humidity).", "summary": "goldfish are omnivorous, which means that their diet must include foods of plant and animal origin. they cannot be satisfied with food in flakes or granules. to feed them correctly, you must give them regularly: food of animal origin these are brine shrimp, tubifex, which you will find frozen in pet stores (prefer frozen foods to dehydrated ones). fresh daphnia are very good for transit and can also be distributed every week. plants they are very important, especially for certain short bodied va", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-194088-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Feeding", "Goldfish", "Diagnosis", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194029-quels-sont-les-bienfaits-de-la-bentonite-en-bassin-de-carpes-kois/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194029-quels-sont-les-bienfaits-de-la-bentonite-en-bassin-de-carpes-kois/", "title": "What are the benefits of bentonite in koi ponds?", "content_text": "bentonite is a calcium based clay, naturally rich in montmorillonite and trace elements. it has various properties in aqueous solution, such as the absorption of proteins or the reduction of enzymatic activity. it can be used in different ways depending on the desired indication: in water: skin dressing when conditions leading to loss of mucus, scaling or ulcers; clarification of water by flocculation of small suspended matter (microalgae, organic debris); chelating agent for water toxins and mycotoxins. in food: healing dressing for the digestive tract following enteritis ; nutritional supplement (minerals, trace elements). skin dressing for wounds or skin lesions of parasitic, bacterial or fungal origin: a rounded tablespoon (30 g) of bentonite for 5 m3 of pool water per day for the first 15 days, then once or twice a week for the rest of the time. how to use: in a bucket filled with water, add the bentonite while mixing vigorously, then distribute the suspension obtained over the entire pond. clarification of the water to benefit from the flocculation effect of bentonite, add once or twice a week, a rounded tablespoon (30 g) per 5 m3 of pond water, until clarified water. how to use: in a bucket filled with water, add the bentonite while mixing vigorously, then distribute the suspension obtained over the entire pond. digestive dressing during digestive disorders or for growing fish: 2 level teaspoons (2x4 g) of bentonite per 100 g of granules, every day, in one or two meals, for 5 days maximum. directions for use: in a plastic bag, add the bentonite to slightly moistened granules, shake and leave to dry in the open air before distributing. nutritional supplement to promote the growth and expression of colors of koi carp: 1 level teaspoon (4 g) of bentonite for 500 g of granules, once a week throughout the summer period. how to use: in a plastic bag, add the bentonite to slightly moistened granules, shake and let dry in the open air before distributing. online purchase you can order clayof the type bentonite from our online store.", "summary": "bentonite is a calcium based clay, naturally rich in montmorillonite and trace elements. it has various properties in aqueous solution, such as the absorption of proteins or the reduction of enzymatic activity. it can be used in different ways depending on the desired indication: in water: skin dressing when conditions leading to loss of mucus, scaling or ulcers; clarification of water by flocculation of small suspended matter (microalgae, organic debris); chelating agent for water toxins and my", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-194029-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Koi carp", "Bentonite", "Parasites", "Ponds and koi", "Feeding" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/193867-comment-regenerer-de-la-zeolithe/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/193867-comment-regenerer-de-la-zeolithe/", "title": "How to regenerate zeolite?", "content_text": "natural zeolites are mineral rocks with a chemical composition close to that of clays. they have the capacity to absorb ammonium ions (nh4+) in exchange for sodium ions (na+). among the many types of zeolite, clinoptilolite is the most effective. under optimal conditions (soft water, low hardness, neutral ph) and for a small particle size (4 8 mm maximum), 1 g of clinoptilolite can theoretically absorb up to 9 mg of ammonium (in practice, a more realistic value of 2 mg is retained). the recommended quantity of zeolite is 1 kg per cubic meter of pond water (to be placed in a net, in filtration or in an area with strong mixing). you can place an order for zeolite directly from our store. regeneration protocol the particularity of zeolite is its ability to release ammonium absorbed in the presence of sodium ions (na+) and at very high ph (basic). to regenerate zeolite loaded with ammonium, we recommend the following protocol: in a clean tank containing 10 liters of water, add 300 g of sodium chloride salt (nacl), 4 g of pure caustic soda (naoh, objective at least ph 12), mix well until completely dissolved, then place 1 kg of zeolite to regenerate for at least 24 hours. use gloves to handle the caustic soda. this regeneration solution can be used several times. the zeolite can be regenerated in theory up to 500 times (in practice, renew it after around twenty times). it is recommended to pre wash the zeolite before regeneration to eliminate any organic matter on its surface. rinse the solution well. zeolite with fresh water after each regeneration. warnings remember to remove the zeolite from your pond if you decide to artificially increase the salinity of your water.", "summary": "natural zeolites are mineral rocks with a chemical composition close to that of clays. they have the capacity to absorb ammonium ions (nh4+) in exchange for sodium ions (na+). among the many types of zeolite, clinoptilolite is the most effective. under optimal conditions (soft water, low hardness, neutral ph) and for a small particle size (4 8 mm maximum), 1 g of clinoptilolite can theoretically absorb up to 9 mg of ammonium (in practice, a more realistic value of 2 mg is retained). the recommen", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-193867-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Zeolite", "Water quality", "Ponds and koi", "Transport and shipping" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/191860-quelles-sont-les-recommandations-pour-les-prelevements-de-tissus-destines-aux-analyses-histologi/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/191860-quelles-sont-les-recommandations-pour-les-prelevements-de-tissus-destines-aux-analyses-histologi/", "title": "What are the recommendations for tissue samples intended for histological analyses?", "content_text": "the samples must be taken and fixed within 5 minutes following the death/euthanasia of the animal in order to avoid damage linked to the phenomena of autolysis and bacterial development which can take place very quickly. the thickness of each sample must not exceed 1 cm (if necessary, make organ sections): the samples must be small enough to allow the fixative to diffuse quickly within the animal. the sample. 1 maximum volume of sample for 10 volumes of fixative: the quantity of fixative must be sufficient to stabilize all biological tissues. do not mix different species in the same sample pot. clearly identify the contents of each sampling pot. recommendations based on the size of the fish fish less than 3 cm in length open the abdomen of the fish with a scalpel, along the midline; place the entire fish in the fixative, ensuring that no air remains in its abdominal cavity. fish between 3 and 6 cm in length decapitate the fish; place the 2 pieces of fish in the fixative. fish between 6 and 15 cm in length take all the organs from the abdominal cavity; take the head previously split vertically and lengthwise; take a 1 cm thick steak from the middle of the abdomen; place all the previously collected pieces of fish in the fixative. fish over 15 cm in length take a sample of all organs (heart, liver, intestine with pancreas, spleen, kidney); take two gill arches from each side; take the brain after incising the head vertically and lengthwise ; take a piece of skin with the underlying muscle at the level of the lateral line; place all the pieces of fish previously collected in the fixative. choice of the fixative the samples must be preserved in a histological fixative which contains 4% formalin (=10% formaldehyde) as well as a buffer. we can send you histological sample potsas part of our analyses. warnings formol is volatile and even at low concentrations it is irritating (above a concentration of 0.1 mg/kg in air): it can irritate the eyes and mucous membranes, causing conjunctivitis, headaches and difficulty breathing accompanied by pain in the throat.", "summary": "the samples must be taken and fixed within 5 minutes following the death/euthanasia of the animal in order to avoid damage linked to the phenomena of autolysis and bacterial development which can take place very quickly. the thickness of each sample must not exceed 1 cm (if necessary, make organ sections): the samples must be small enough to allow the fixative to diffuse quickly within the animal. the sample. 1 maximum volume of sample for 10 volumes of fixative: the quantity of fixative must be", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-191860-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Sampling", "Histology", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Water quality" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/189646-qu-est-ce-que-le-virkon-et-comment-l-utiliser/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/189646-qu-est-ce-que-le-virkon-et-comment-l-utiliser/", "title": "What is Virkon and how to use it?", "content_text": "virkon is a multi purpose disinfectant. it contains potassium hydrogen sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, sulfamic acid, and inorganic buffers. it is intended for the disinfection of surfaces and equipment by soaking as well as for footbaths. this product has a broad spectrum of activity against viruses, certain fungi and bacteria. fashion action the reaction produced by the elements of the disinfectant is a cycle based on redox reactions. the kmps complex (oxone or monopersulfate triple salt) is a powerful oxidizing agent which acts on the sodium chloride present in the formulation when the virkon powder is diluted in water with the release of free oxidizing radicals (cl°, oh° and 0°). advantages this reaction allows the formation of the most deleterious radical forms for the membranes, enzymes and genome of organisms prokaryotes. the production of these radicals is massive and homogeneous, like an oxidation battery. their lifespan is short. they degrade into h2o and o2 and do not cause tissue accumulation of residues and do not induce ecotoxicity. bacterial resistance to the chemical species released by virkon has not been demonstrated, unlike that observed with conventional disinfectants (quaternary ammoniums/aldehydes). biodegradability virkon is mainly made up of inorganic salts. oxone (kmps) degrades into common and natural inorganic ions such as sulfate, carbonate, potassium and hydrogen ions. the surfactant is rapidly biodegradable (eec directive 73/404) and gives 90% biodegradability under the conditions of the oecd test (cee/73/405). once applied and diluted in drain water, virkon does not hinder the activity of micro organisms present in the sludge of sewage treatment plants and is not toxic to earthworms. virkon is not classified r50 (dangerous for the environment) in accordance with the european standard procedure for the classification and labeling of chemical substances. methods the application of virkon is always carried out in the absence of animals. spraying surfaces spray all surfaces to be cleaned and disinfected with the 1% virkon solution (10 g for 1 liter of water). the spraying must be uniform and must not cause runoff. the recommended dose is 400 ml / m2. once disinfected, surfaces in contact with animals (tanks, windows) must be thoroughly rinsed under running water. soaking of materials the equipment must be completely immersed in an active 1% solution of virkon (pink coloring) for 10 minutes (bring to 30 minutes for surfaces after soaking the equipment must be carefully rinsed under running water over its entire surface. pediluves change the 1% virkon disinfectant solution every 5 days or as soon as the pink color disappears (pink colored indicator indicating disinfectant effectiveness). storage store the 1% virkon solution in clean plastic containers at room temperature under cover from direct sunlight. do not expose the solution to cold. change the solution after the pink color disappears or 7 days after the date of preparation (solubilization). dangers in humans, the concentrated powder is irritating to the skin, eyes and inhalation of dust. in a 1% solution, virkon is not irritating to the skin or eyes. for more information on first aid, toxicity, ecotoxicity, handling, consult the safety data sheet (msds). composition differences in the range substancecas no.virkon aquatic (usa)virkon s (fr)pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulfate)bis(sulfate) (oxone)70693 62 820 50%30 50%sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate25155 30 010 25%benzenesulfonic acid, c10 13 alkyl derivatives, sodium salts68411 30 310 20%malic acid (butanedioic acid, 2 hydroxy )6915 15 7<10%1 10%acid sulphonamide5329 14 6<5%2.5 10%dipotassium peroxodisulfate7727 21 1<5%0.1 1%sodium toluenesulfonate12068 03 01 10%sodium chloride7647 14 5<5%potassium hydrogen sulphate7646 93 7<5%1 3%dipotassium disulphate7790 62 7<5%1 3%dipentene138 86 30.1 0.25% buy virkon s on our store ...", "summary": "virkon is a multi purpose disinfectant. it contains potassium hydrogen sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, sulfamic acid, and inorganic buffers. it is intended for the disinfection of surfaces and equipment by soaking as well as for footbaths. this product has a broad spectrum of activity against viruses, certain fungi and bacteria. fashion action the reaction produced by the elements of the disinfectant is a cycle based on redox reactions. the kmps complex (oxone or monopersulfate triple ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-189646-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Disinfection", "Viral diseases", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Water quality" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188772-qu-est-ce-que-la-npi-necrose-pancreatique-infectieuse/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188772-qu-est-ce-que-la-npi-necrose-pancreatique-infectieuse/", "title": "What is IPN (infectious pancreatic necrosis)?", "content_text": "this is a disease which mainly appears in young salmonids (rainbow trout and river trout, atlantic salmon, char) as well as in pike fry. but almost all freshwater and seawater fish are susceptible to the disease, as are molluscs (mussels). signs of disease the disease often begins when fish are first fed (up to the 20th week of life). affected fish swim in an uncoordinated manner (spiral or corkscrew swimming), and often lie on their sides at the bottom of the pool. they also have dark coloration, protruding eyes (exophthalmus), a swollen belly, and strings of whitish feces (pseudofaeces). losses amount to 10 90 percent of affected fish. with the exception of atlantic salmon, older fish show no symptoms and do not die from the disease either. contamination and spread the sources of contamination are sick fish as well as fish latently carrying the infectious agent (without showing symptoms). the infectious agent is enriched inside the eggs and semen and is transmitted to the fry. fish can carry the infectious agent for several generations without showing symptoms and can even carry and transmit it for several years. indirect transmission via water is also possible, as well as via fish eating birds, utensils and means of transport. distribution of the disease infectious pancreatic necrosis is found in certain regions of europe, america and from asia. infectious agent the infectious agent is a virus of the birnaviridae family. this virus is very resistant. it survives up to 8 months in water.", "summary": "this is a disease which mainly appears in young salmonids (rainbow trout and river trout, atlantic salmon, char) as well as in pike fry. but almost all freshwater and seawater fish are susceptible to the disease, as are molluscs (mussels). signs of disease the disease often begins when fish are first fed (up to the 20th week of life). affected fish swim in an uncoordinated manner (spiral or corkscrew swimming), and often lie on their sides at the bottom of the pool. they also have dark coloratio", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-188772-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "IPN", "Viral diseases", "Regulations", "Transport and shipping" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188209-qu-est-que-la-costiose/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188209-qu-est-que-la-costiose/", "title": "What is costiosis?", "content_text": "this is a parasitic infestation caused by ichthyobodo necatrix (formerly called costia ), a flagellated protozoan, which affects the skin and gills of many freshwater fish (carps, goldfish, salmonids, etc.) in a wide temperature range 2 30°c. due to its direct and very rapid multiplication, this ectoparasite is often the cause of very significant mortalities over a very short time interval. clinical signs clinical signs are common to many ectoprotozooses. skin and fins: hyperproduction of mucus, then skin erythema (redness), pinching of the fins and in the terminal phase desquamations which may or may not be associated with superinfections fungal. gills: hyperplasia of the gill lamellae, respiratory distress. diagnosis the parasite is found in two forms on the skin or gills: attached to the fish, or free on its surface. to highlight the parasite it is essential to carry out microscopic observation of a scraping of skin or gill mucus with a magnification of at least 400x and strong bright contrast. the parasite is very small (5 15 µm) and its general shape is that of a bean with two long flagella involved in attachment to fish cells. it is very difficult to observe given its small size, the rapid speed of movement of free forms, and becomes very difficult or even impossible to detect if the mucus sample is not examined immediately.", "summary": "this is a parasitic infestation caused by ichthyobodo necatrix (formerly called costia ), a flagellated protozoan, which affects the skin and gills of many freshwater fish (carps, goldfish, salmonids, etc.) in a wide temperature range 2 30°c. due to its direct and very rapid multiplication, this ectoparasite is often the cause of very significant mortalities over a very short time interval. clinical signs clinical signs are common to many ectoprotozooses. skin and fins: hyperproduction of mucus,", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-188209-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Costiosis", "Parasites", "Diagnosis", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188031-quelles-sont-les-formalites-d-importation-en-france-de-ses-animaux-de-compagnie/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188031-quelles-sont-les-formalites-d-importation-en-france-de-ses-animaux-de-compagnie/", "title": "What are the formalities for importing pets into France?", "content_text": "pet animals imported from countries outside the european union must be declared and presented to customs for documentary and identity checks, before they can be admitted to the territory of the european union. importing an animal without declaration may result in a fine or even confiscation of the animal. moreover, the person accompanying the animal is either the owner or a natural person who assumes responsibility for it on behalf of the owner. general framework to be able to be imported into french territory, ornamental fish, amphibians and pet invertebrates must be accompanied by an accompanying document conforming to the model of the annex 27of the order of july 19, 2002signed by a practicing veterinarian (veterinarian authorized to practice veterinary medicine). up to 5 specimens for the importation of pets into france, within the limit of 5 specimens, and not of a commercial nature, it is sufficient to go through the customs services control . it should be remembered that only aquatic animals such as ornamental fish, amphibians and invertebrates (except crustaceans) which accompany a traveler are considered \"pet animals\" within the meaning of veterinary regulations and are therefore concerned by this tolerance. more than 5 specimens for the importation of pets into france, of more than 5 specimens, it is the veterinary services which are responsible for the control of these animals in a post border inspection (the list of bips appears in annex 1 of the decree of may 18, 2009). at the end of this veterinary control , the veterinary inspector issues a control certificate called a common veterinary entry document (dvce) attesting to the health conformity of the goods which must be presented in support of any customs declaration, including transit so that the latter is deemed admissible. when the above mentioned health conditions are not respected, in application of articles l.236 9 and l.236 10 of the rural code, the agents responsible for controls may prescribe, at the expense of the owner, the reshipment of the animal to the third country of origin, its quarantine or its euthanasia. special cases: protected species special conditions and restrictions are applicable to animals of protected species, in particular under the washington convention convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (cites). similarly, specific conditions exist for the introduction of these animals into other member states of the european union. you should contact the embassy of these countries in the third country of residence.", "summary": "pet animals imported from countries outside the european union must be declared and presented to customs for documentary and identity checks, before they can be admitted to the territory of the european union. importing an animal without declaration may result in a fine or even confiscation of the animal. moreover, the person accompanying the animal is either the owner or a natural person who assumes responsibility for it on behalf of the owner. general framework to be able to be imported into f", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-188031-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Importation", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Regulations", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/187983-quel-est-le-role-du-veterinaire-sanitaire-et-comment-le-designer-officiellement/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/187983-quel-est-le-role-du-veterinaire-sanitaire-et-comment-le-designer-officiellement/", "title": "What is the role of the health veterinarian and how to officially designate him?", "content_text": "animal owners or event managers referred to in article r. 203 1 of the rural and maritime fishing code are required, as soon as their activity is set up, to designate a health veterinarianfor their activity so that the latter can carry out certain missions regulations for surveillance, prevention or control of regulated animal diseases. for aquatic animals, this procedure concerns: aquaculture farms with the exception of shellfish farms, subject to zoosanitary approval; public aquariums; animal stores for sale; animal research/animal experimentation stores (all domestic and wild species); breeding or supply of animals intended for animal experimentation (all domestic species and wild animals); the health veterinarian of a farm is the contact person responsible for surveillance, on behalf of the state, but also and above all in the primary interest of the breeder, of diseases or first category health dangersor those of second category causing the subject of a compulsory or voluntary collective program (no program of this nature in fish). in the logic of continuous monitoring of these diseases through the symptoms observed in the animals, and no longer screening during periodic checks, the health veterinarian must be as much as possible the veterinarian who monitors the health of the animals and implements prevention plans for common conditions. to appoint the health veterinarian, a formmust be completed by the keeper of the animals and by the designated health veterinarian then sent to the dd(cs)pp of the department where the animals concerned are located. see also: categories of holders subject to the obligation to designate a health veterinarian", "summary": "animal owners or event managers referred to in article r. 203 1 of the rural and maritime fishing code are required, as soon as their activity is set up, to designate a health veterinarianfor their activity so that the latter can carry out certain missions regulations for surveillance, prevention or control of regulated animal diseases. for aquatic animals, this procedure concerns: aquaculture farms with the exception of shellfish farms, subject to zoosanitary approval; public aquariums; animal ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-187983-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Official veterinarian", "Aquariums", "Aquaculture", "Regulations", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/186362-qu-est-ce-que-le-ksd-koi-sleepy-disease/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/186362-qu-est-ce-que-le-ksd-koi-sleepy-disease/", "title": "What is KSD (Koï Sleepy Disease)?", "content_text": "commonly known as carp sleeping sickness, it is a new contagious viral disease caused by the carp edema virus (cev), possibly belonging to the poxvirus family. appeared in japan in 1974, it now affects europe (detection in the united kingdom, the netherlands, france). it affects cyprinus carpio (common carp and koi carp), but to date, there is no certainty about the absence of carriage by other species. mortality can be significant and reach 80% in a few days (1 to 2 weeks). the trigger temperature is typically between 15 and 25°c in koi carp, or at a lower temperature (6 10°c) in common carp. clinical signs lethargy, sometimes at the bottom of the water, sometimes at the surface or at the edge of the pool. most often lateral decubitus. apparent death, except the eyes which remain active. the carp reacts to stimulation, but falls back into lethargy shortly after. at an advanced stage, no more reaction after stimulation. hypersecretion of mucus at the beginning of the disease. swelling due to edema. enophthalmos (eyes retracted into the sockets), sometimes with ocular hemorrhages. in the terminal phase may be observed: loss of skin mucus, epidermal erosion, skin hemorrhages and significant necrosis of the gills transmission the disease is very contagious and is transmitted from fish to fish through fish carrying the virus (sick or not), contaminated equipment (dip nets), water, feces, sludge, sediments... fish could harbor the virus for a very long time without being sick. temperature is then a key factor in triggering the disease, although other factors can certainly be determining (stress, etc.). what to do if the disease is identified? if the presence of virus is confirmed by molecular biology (pcr), it is recommended to take measures to stop its spread: partitioning, or even elimination of fish, disinfection of tools and structures, etc. there is no vaccine. additional information anses epidemiological bulletin no. 76 (december 2016) : carp sleeping disease: state of knowledge and epidemiological situation in france. diseases of aquatic organisms, volume 126, supplement 2, pages 155 to 166 (october 2017): the emergence of carp edema virus (cev) and its significance to european common carp and koi, cyprinus carpio.", "summary": "commonly known as carp sleeping sickness, it is a new contagious viral disease caused by the carp edema virus (cev), possibly belonging to the poxvirus family. appeared in japan in 1974, it now affects europe (detection in the united kingdom, the netherlands, france). it affects cyprinus carpio (common carp and koi carp), but to date, there is no certainty about the absence of carriage by other species. mortality can be significant and reach 80% in a few days (1 to 2 weeks). the trigger temperat", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-186362-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "KSD", "Viral diseases", "Diagnosis", "Ponds and koi", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/186322-quelles-sont-les-medicaments-avec-amm-poissons/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/186322-quelles-sont-les-medicaments-avec-amm-poissons/", "title": "What are the medications with AMM Fish?", "content_text": "in france, there are only 14 aquaculture specialties among the 2,867 authorized veterinary drugs. there are: 7 vaccines 6 medicated premixes (antibiotics) 1 antifungal by balneation aquaflor 500 mg/g premix medicine for rainbow trout medicidal premix active substance: florfenicol target species: trout to be delivered only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years, list i amm: intervet of 12/12/2011 (procedure: rm, fr=emr) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... rpe: consult the public evaluation report ... aquavac erm oral oral emulsion active substance: yersinia ruckeri target species: trout vaccine: delivery subject to prescription amm: intervet of 04/10/2006 (procedure: rm, fr=emc) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics... aquavac relera suspension active substance: yersinia ruckeri target species: trout vaccine: delivery subject to prescription amm: intervet international du 05/15/2009 (procedure: dcp, fr=emc) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... aquavac vibrio immersion and injection suspension active substance: listonella anguillarum, listonella ordalii target species: trout vaccine: delivery subject to prescription amm: intervet of 01/12/2005 (procedure: rm, fr=emr) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... aquavac vibrio oral oral emulsion active substance: listonella anguillarum, listonella ordalii target species: trout vaccine: delivery subject to prescription ma: intervet of 01/12/2005 (procedure: rm, fr=emr) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... aquavac erm suspension for balneation active substance: yersinia ruckeri target species: trout vaccine: delivery subject to prescription amm: intervet of 09/26/2005 (procedure: rm, fr=emc) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics... flumix flumequine 160 salmonides medicidal premix active substance: flumequine target species: salmon, trout to be supplied only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years ma: ceva sante animale of 05/14/1991 (procedure: national) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... icthiovac lg lactococcose trout injectable emulsion active substance: lactococcus garvieae target species: trout vaccine: delivery subject to prescription ma: laboratorios hipra of 03/31/2011 (procedure: rm, fr=emc) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... icthiovac str streptococcose turbot injectable suspension active substance: streptococcus parauberis target species: turbot vaccine: delivery subject to prescription ma: laboratorios hipra of 07/25/2005 (procedure: rm, fr=emc) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... inoxyl oxolinic acid 240 salmonides medicidal premix active substance: oxolinic acid target species: trout to be delivered only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years amm: biove laboratories of 02/09/1985 (procedure: national) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... oxomid oxolinic acid 240 salmonides medicidal premix active substance: oxolinic acid target species: trout to be delivered only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years amm: virbac of 05/14/1991 (procedure: national) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... ps oxytetracycline aquaculture premix medicinal active substance: oxytetracycline (in the form of hydrochloride) target species: sea bass, sea bream, salmonids, turbot to be delivered only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years, list i amm: qalian of 06/23/1992 (procedure: national) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... pyceze 500 mg/ml solution to dilute for treatment of fish solution to dilute for treatment of fish active substance: bronopol target species: salmon, trout to be delivered only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years amm: novartis animal vaccines of 10/31/2008 (procedure: rm, fr=emc) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... tribrissen fish medicidal premix active substance: sulfadiazine, trimethoprim target species: fish to be delivered only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years, list i amm: intervet of 06/08/1992 (procedure: national) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics... last update of this list on 02/26/2015. official version on www.ircp.anmv.anses.fr.", "summary": "in france, there are only 14 aquaculture specialties among the 2,867 authorized veterinary drugs. there are: 7 vaccines 6 medicated premixes (antibiotics) 1 antifungal by balneation aquaflor 500 mg/g premix medicine for rainbow trout medicidal premix active substance: florfenicol target species: trout to be delivered only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years, list i amm: intervet of 12/12/2011 (procedure: rm, fr=emr) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... rpe:", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-186322-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Veterinary medicines", "Marketing authorisation", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Aquaculture" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183918-quelle-est-la-toxicite-des-nitrates-en-eau-douce/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183918-quelle-est-la-toxicite-des-nitrates-en-eau-douce/", "title": "How toxic are nitrates in fresh water?", "content_text": "nitrates (no3 ) are the last stage of ammonia oxidation before the nitrogen cycle is completed. nitrates have much less toxicity than nitrites (no2 ). in acute conditions, they only constitute a problem at very high concentrations (of the order of several hundred mg/l). unless you are the owner of a particularly neglected aquarium, lethal concentrations are not encountered. in the long term (chronic), at moderate concentrations (greater than 50 mg/l), we can note effects on fish: reduction in growth, reproduction, vitality, increased susceptibility to diseases. however, the mechanism of nitrate toxicity is not currently sufficiently understood. we suspect the presence of areas operating in anoxia (in a poorly maintained filter for example) in which nitrates would be reduced to nitrites which are toxic at low doses. nitrates). order online consult note boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.", "summary": "nitrates (no3 ) are the last stage of ammonia oxidation before the nitrogen cycle is completed. nitrates have much less toxicity than nitrites (no2 ). in acute conditions, they only constitute a problem at very high concentrations (of the order of several hundred mg/l). unless you are the owner of a particularly neglected aquarium, lethal concentrations are not encountered. in the long term (chronic), at moderate concentrations (greater than 50 mg/l), we can note effects on fish: reduction in gr", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-183918-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Nitrates", "Diagnosis", "Water quality", "Aquariums", "Transport and shipping" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183917-quelle-est-la-toxicite-des-nitrites-en-eau-douce/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183917-quelle-est-la-toxicite-des-nitrites-en-eau-douce/", "title": "How toxic are nitrites in fresh water?", "content_text": "nitrites (no2 ) are considered to be the first compound resulting from the oxidation of ammonia by a specific bacterial flora of the biological filter. this compound is highly toxic and should be present at almost undetectable concentrations in an aquarium. the major toxic effect is the destruction by oxidation of the hemoglobin contained in the red blood cells, leading to the impossibility of fixing oxygen and transporting it to the organs: we then speak of methemoglobinemia . the iron atom contained in the heme is permanently oxidized and can no longer bind the oxygen molecules. poisoning by nitrites will be much faster than poisoning by ammonia, the fish finding itself in a state of respiratory distress very quickly. fish poisoned by nitrites are apathetic, prostrate at the bottom, lose their appetite and eventually succumb. it is however good to know that nitrites are much less toxic: in an alkaline environment (unlike ammonia); in the presence of chloride ions in the water. in the event of accidental pollution by nitrites, the addition of salt of around 1 g/l of water (1 kg/m3) can limit the damage and allow a temporarily disrupted nitrogen cycle to be restarted. however, this is an emergency solution which should not last. the maximum concentration of nitrites in an aquarium or pond should not exceed 0.2 mg/l. order online consult note boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.", "summary": "nitrites (no2 ) are considered to be the first compound resulting from the oxidation of ammonia by a specific bacterial flora of the biological filter. this compound is highly toxic and should be present at almost undetectable concentrations in an aquarium. the major toxic effect is the destruction by oxidation of the hemoglobin contained in the red blood cells, leading to the impossibility of fixing oxygen and transporting it to the organs: we then speak of methemoglobinemia . the iron atom con", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-183917-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Nitrites", "Diagnosis", "Water quality", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183916-quelle-est-la-toxicite-de-l-ammoniaque-en-eau-douce/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183916-quelle-est-la-toxicite-de-l-ammoniaque-en-eau-douce/", "title": "How toxic is ammonia in fresh water?", "content_text": "fish metabolism produces nitrogen waste in the form of ammonia. in an aquarium, the ammonia in solution in the water is transformed in the biological filter into less and less toxic molecules (into nitrites then into nitrates); we are talking about the nitrogen cycle . however, it should be noted that there is no nitrogen compound that is completely devoid of effect on the fish organism. all these compounds will not have the same toxicity depending on the form in which they are presented, their concentration, and depending on the animal species considered. chemical particularity there are two forms of ammonia in water: the non ionized form (nh3 called ammonia) and the ionized form (nh4+ called ammonium). the transition from one of these two forms to the other depends mainly on the ph of the water (and temperature). the reaction is as follows: nh3 + h2o is in equilibrium with nh4+ + oh . the non ionized part (nh3) is by far the most toxic form, and its share increases when the ph of the water increases. in any case, these two forms are toxic to fish even at very low doses, and, in an aquarium where the nitrogen cycle is well established, the concentrations of these elements are not likely to induce stress on the population: ammonia is quickly oxidized into less toxic compounds (nitrites then nitrates). occurrence even in an aquarium in which the nitrogen cycle is established, it can happen that the ammonia concentration increases rapidly, following for example overfeeding, the presence of a corpse or during overpopulation or destruction of the biological filter (too thorough cleaning, electrical failure, biocide treatment with disinfectant action, etc.). the fish then defends itself by producing more mucus, by increasing the thickness of the epithelium of its gills... we therefore understand that, even if the fish partially succeeds in preventing ammonia from entering the body, \"useful\" exchanges with the external environment will be greatly disrupted: the penetration of oxygen into the gills will decrease considerably, leading to respiratory distress which can be fatal. under these conditions, damage to under oxygenated internal organs will be inevitable. the liver and kidney being affected, the fish will poison itself as soon as it is no longer able to eliminate the products of its metabolism. limit thresholds ph valuemaximum acceptable concentration of nh3if ph less than 8,50,20 mg/lsi ph greater than 8,50,05 mg/l at the usual ph in fresh water, the nh3 concentration should never exceed 1 mg/l and routinely be as close as possible to 0. remarks commercially available tests measure the sum of the two forms of ammonia: ammonia + ammonium. order online consult our boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.", "summary": "fish metabolism produces nitrogen waste in the form of ammonia. in an aquarium, the ammonia in solution in the water is transformed in the biological filter into less and less toxic molecules (into nitrites then into nitrates); we are talking about the nitrogen cycle . however, it should be noted that there is no nitrogen compound that is completely devoid of effect on the fish organism. all these compounds will not have the same toxicity depending on the form in which they are presented, their ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-183916-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Ammonia", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Water quality", "Aquariums" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/180976-quels-sont-les-risques-lies-a-un-poisson-atteint-de-mycobacteriose/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/180976-quels-sont-les-risques-lies-a-un-poisson-atteint-de-mycobacteriose/", "title": "What are the risks associated with a fish affected by mycobacteriosis?", "content_text": "mycobacteriosis is a bacterial disease caused by mycobacteria. it can affect both freshwater and sea fish. certain species of mycobacteria such as mycobacterium marinum or mycobacterium fortuitum can also be transmitted to humans (this is called zoonosis). in fish the symptoms are very varied. the progression of the disease is generally slow (chronic disease). we first note a progressive weight loss of the fish, discoloration, apathy, difficult swimming. at a more advanced stage, in acute forms we can see skin inflammations, exophthalmos, nodules (skin and on organs), necrosis of the skin and bone lesions (deformation of the spine). the definitive diagnosis in fish requires the use of histological examination and molecular biology (pcr). in humans infections with non tuberculosis (ntm) mainly affects immunocompromised subjects, although immunocompetent patients can also be affected. common symptoms are lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes) or single papulonodular lesions confined to one limb, which may eventually become ulcerative. contamination of humans follows the penetration of the germ through a skin lesion exposed to contaminated water from an aquarium. control measures and prevention in order to limit the risk of propagation, the sick fish must be at least isolated from other animals, but it is preferable to euthanize it. it is not recommended to treat a fish affected by mycobacteriosis because the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is low (a disease considered incurable in fish) and poses a very high risk of the appearance of antibiotic resistance that is detrimental to the treatment of humans. it is essential to wear gloves when handling in a contaminated aquarium, especially in the presence of small cuts on the hands or any other part of the arm that could come into contact with it. water. mycobacteria are more resistant to disinfectants than vegetative bacteria. atypical mycobacteria are generally sensitive to sodium hydroxide, chlorine dioxide, ethylene oxide, 0.35% peracetic acid, and orthophthalaldehyde. 70% ethanol can be used for surface disinfection. some atypical mycobacteria, such as m. marinum, m. smegmatis and m. fortuitum, are very sensitive to 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde, while others, such as m. gordonae, m. avium complex, m. xenopi and m. chelonae, are resistant. mycobacteria are easily inactivated by heat ( 65 °c for at least 30 min) and by uv rays, but not by freezing or by desiccation (they can survive for weeks or months on inanimate objects if protected from the sun).", "summary": "mycobacteriosis is a bacterial disease caused by mycobacteria. it can affect both freshwater and sea fish. certain species of mycobacteria such as mycobacterium marinum or mycobacterium fortuitum can also be transmitted to humans (this is called zoonosis). in fish the symptoms are very varied. the progression of the disease is generally slow (chronic disease). we first note a progressive weight loss of the fish, discoloration, apathy, difficult swimming. at a more advanced stage, in acute forms ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-180976-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Aquariums", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/178614-comment-mesurer-la-salinite-de-l-eau/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/178614-comment-mesurer-la-salinite-de-l-eau/", "title": "How to measure the salinity of water?", "content_text": "it may sometimes be necessary to add salt to a freshwater aquarium or a garden pond. depending on the purpose of the salt treatment, the concentrations can vary between 0.5 g and 10 g of salt per liter of water. in these cases, the salinity can be estimated by measuring the conductivity of the water. examples of conductivity meters adapted to this measurement range : ec/tds/°c tester, 20.00 ms; 10.00 g/l (reference hanna hi 98312) ph/ec/tds/°c tester, 20.00 ms; 10.00 g/l (reference hanna hi 98130) solutions standards 6.44 g/l, 25 sachets of 20 ml (reference hanna hi 70038p)", "summary": "it may sometimes be necessary to add salt to a freshwater aquarium or a garden pond. depending on the purpose of the salt treatment, the concentrations can vary between 0.5 g and 10 g of salt per liter of water. in these cases, the salinity can be estimated by measuring the conductivity of the water. examples of conductivity meters adapted to this measurement range : ec/tds/°c tester, 20.00 ms; 10.00 g/l (reference hanna hi 98312) ph/ec/tds/°c tester, 20.00 ms; 10.00 g/l (reference hanna hi 9813", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-178614-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Measurement", "Salinity", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Water quality" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177985-comment-agir-face-a-un-poisson-constipe/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177985-comment-agir-face-a-un-poisson-constipe/", "title": "How to deal with a constipated fish?", "content_text": "certain species of fish are frequently subject to digestive disorders. this is the case, for example, for goldfish, fighters, discus or african cichlids. the digestive transit slows down or even stops completely (obstruction), and in advanced cases, enteritis (filamentous white stools), swelling of the abdomen or buoyancy disorders can aggravate this clinical picture. as a first intention, it is recommended to isolate the fish from the other residents (in a dedicated aquarium), then to fast it for 48 to 72 hours. if this forced diet does not resolve the problem, resorting to a laxative may be helpful. classically, there are two possibilities of administration: the oral route and balneation. oral laxative: castor oil if the fish still has an appetite, it is possible to have it ingest a little castor oil (available in pharmacies), either directly with an esophageal probe of suitable diameter, or by coating a food in the form of granules. castor oil ricinus communis owes its purgative activity (stimulates intestinal motility) to a fatty acid, ricinoleic acid. balneation laxative: epsom salt epsom salt (available in pharmacies) is chemically magnesium sulfate (mgso4). it must be used with caution because certain species such as characids do not tolerate magnesium sulfate at the therapeutic doses used. the usual dosages for goldfish, fighters, discus and african cichlids are: typeduration of the bathdose in grams per literlong bath2 to 3 days0.2 g/lshort bath15 to 30 minutes 5 to 10 g/l warning: the fish must be immediately removed from the bath if it exhibits behavior suggestive of stress (agitation, very rapid breathing, loss balance).", "summary": "certain species of fish are frequently subject to digestive disorders. this is the case, for example, for goldfish, fighters, discus or african cichlids. the digestive transit slows down or even stops completely (obstruction), and in advanced cases, enteritis (filamentous white stools), swelling of the abdomen or buoyancy disorders can aggravate this clinical picture. as a first intention, it is recommended to isolate the fish from the other residents (in a dedicated aquarium), then to fast it f", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-177985-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Constipation", "Diagnosis", "Treatments", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177773-quelle-est-la-liste-des-especes-de-poissons-considerees-comme-domestiques/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177773-quelle-est-la-liste-des-especes-de-poissons-considerees-comme-domestiques/", "title": "What is the list of fish species considered “domestic”?", "content_text": "the decree of august 11, 2006, emanating from the ministry of ecology and sustainable development, establishes the list of species, breeds or varieties of domestic animals. this decree includes in annex a restrictive list of species considered to be domestic in france. to date, according to french regulations, there are 5 species of domestic fish: the koi carp : cyprinus carpio ; the gold and japanese fish : carassius auratus ; the domestic breeds and varieties of guppy : poecilia reticulata ; the domestic breeds and varieties of the danio : brachydanio rerio (or danio rerio ); the domestic breeds and varieties of the fighter : betta splendens . to be able to carry out an activity professional related to animals of domestic species, the person responsible must demonstrate minimum skills supervised by the certificate of knowledge for pets of domestic species (acaced). if a fish does not appear in this list it is considered by law french as a non domestic animal. possession of such an animal may be subject to possession of a certificate of capacity. the decrees of august 10, 2004establish the regime for keeping these animals.", "summary": "the decree of august 11, 2006, emanating from the ministry of ecology and sustainable development, establishes the list of species, breeds or varieties of domestic animals. this decree includes in annex a restrictive list of species considered to be domestic in france. to date, according to french regulations, there are 5 species of domestic fish: the koi carp : cyprinus carpio ; the gold and japanese fish : carassius auratus ; the domestic breeds and varieties of guppy : poecilia reticulata ; t", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-177773-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Ponds and koi", "Regulations", "Fish health" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177770-qu-est-ce-que-le-reglement-sanitaire-des-animaleries/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177770-qu-est-ce-que-le-reglement-sanitaire-des-animaleries/", "title": "What are the health regulations for pet stores?", "content_text": "if you carry out, on a commercial basis, the sale and presentation to the public of pets of domestic species, you are required to comply with decree of april 3, 2014. this decree specifies the health and animal protection conditions in which activities relating to pets of domestic species must be carried out. to establish the health regulations mentioned in article r214 30 of the rural and maritime fishing code, the person responsible for the activity identifies any aspect of his activities which is decisive for health, animal welfare, health and hygiene of staff. for each operation where risks may arise, the manager defines, in collaboration with the health veterinarian designated by him in accordance with article r.203 1 i of the rural and maritime fishing code, preventive measures and the conduct to be followed to ensure control of these risks. these rules are recorded in writing in a document entitled “sanitary regulations”. the health regulations must contain at least: the cleaning and disinfection plan of the premises and equipment; the hygiene rules to be respected by staff or the public; the maintenance and care procedures of animals including health surveillance, prophylaxis, and the measures to be taken in the event of a health event; the duration of isolation periods after receipt of the animals. this quarantine period is not obligatory for aquatic species (chapter iv 1°). the health regulations are subject to revision if necessary, in collaboration with the health veterinarian. the manager ensures that the people called upon to work in the establishment have the means and the training necessary to apply these regulations, the main principles of which are displayed at the entrance to the premises. all premises, fixed or mobile installations, equipment and small materials used for animal care are kept in perfect condition and cleanliness. the cleaning circuit is organized in such a way as to separate clean and dirty flows. the cleaning and disinfection plan provides, for each of the pieces of equipment and the different parts of the premises: the cleaning and disinfection plan provides at least: the frequency of the different cleaning and disinfection operations; the precise operating mode including, for each product used, the dilution, the temperature of use, the application time and the need for a possible rinsing; the person responsible for cleaning and disinfection operations for each sector; the fight against pests. the person in charge has a visit of the premises by the health veterinarian at least twice a year under the conditions provided for in article r214 30 of the rural and maritime fishing code. as an exception, for sales establishments not selling dogs or cats, and other small breeding, care or boarding establishments, keeping at most nine dogs over four months old or nine cats over ten months old, a single annual visit may be carried out, provided that this does not reveal malfunctions likely to harm the animals. see also: cerfa 15045 02 form to declare an activity and designate your veterinarian", "summary": "if you carry out, on a commercial basis, the sale and presentation to the public of pets of domestic species, you are required to comply with decree of april 3, 2014. this decree specifies the health and animal protection conditions in which activities relating to pets of domestic species must be carried out. to establish the health regulations mentioned in article r214 30 of the rural and maritime fishing code, the person responsible for the activity identifies any aspect of his activities whic", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-177770-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Aquaculture", "Regulations", "Hygiene and biosecurity", "Transport and shipping" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/174482-quel-microscope-est-adapte-a-la-detection-des-principaux-parasites-des-poissons/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/174482-quel-microscope-est-adapte-a-la-detection-des-principaux-parasites-des-poissons/", "title": "Which microscope is suitable for detecting the main parasites of fish?", "content_text": "it is useful to have a microscope to detect ectoparasites (skin, gills) and endoparasites (intestine) of fish. this makes it possible to reduce the use of antiparasitic drugs by treating only when necessary, but also to monitor the effectiveness of the therapies undertaken. obviously, this type of equipment represents a significant cost, and requires prior training (taking samples, preparing samples, adjusting the microscope, identifying the main parasites). recommended minimum characteristics eyepieces: wf 10x/18 binocular : 2 eyepieces to position the eyes magnification: 10x minimum wide field (wf) type: 18 mm minimum (this is the diameter of the field that can be seen when looking through the microscope). objectives: 4x / 10x / 40x / 60x revolver of 3 to 4 objectives din achromatic, if possible semi planar magnification: 4x/0.10, 10x/0.25, 40x/0.65 and 60x/0.85 (avoid 100x immersion oil) object stage: overstage with orthogonal movements (displacements on the 2 axes) focusing: macrometric and micrometric screw coaxial lighting: type: led light emitting diode (does not heat up, more robust, long lifespan) power: 1 w minimum color temperature: 6300°k intensity adjustable by a dimmer condenser: abbe type pre centered o.n. 1.2 or 1.25 height adjustable iris diaphragm rechargeable battery: optional but practical when working near a body of water. recommended models optika b 157 (version without battery): from €400 incl. tax optika b 157 r (version with battery): from €450 incl. tax optika b 192s (no battery): from €480 incl. tax euromex bb 4260 (with battery): from €430 incl. tax", "summary": "it is useful to have a microscope to detect ectoparasites (skin, gills) and endoparasites (intestine) of fish. this makes it possible to reduce the use of antiparasitic drugs by treating only when necessary, but also to monitor the effectiveness of the therapies undertaken. obviously, this type of equipment represents a significant cost, and requires prior training (taking samples, preparing samples, adjusting the microscope, identifying the main parasites). recommended minimum characteristics e", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-174482-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Microscopy", "Parasites", "Diagnosis", "Treatments" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/174473-comment-eliminer-les-planaires-nuisibles-d-un-aquarium-recifal/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/174473-comment-eliminer-les-planaires-nuisibles-d-un-aquarium-recifal/", "title": "How to remove harmful planarians from a reef aquarium?", "content_text": "there are several kinds of planarians (red, brown, etc.). the most dangerous are the red planarians convolutriloba retrogemma . manual method remove the planarians regularly by siphoning (belling). biological method the effectiveness of biological control is uncertain because it depends on the type of planarian and the environment of the aquarium. commonly used predators are (choice of the species to adapt to the aquarium population): nudibranch: chelidonura varians (hammerhead nudibranch, toxic species); fish: pseudocheilinus hexataenia , halichoeres chrysus , halichoeres marginatus , macropharyngodon ornatus , macropharyngodon bipartitus , synchiropus picturatus ... chemical method if the previous methods have not worked, you can consider using a medication (delivery only on veterinary prescription). classically, the dosage is 0.5 mg of levamisole per liter of water to be treated (0.5 ppm), or 0.5 ml of the specialty lévisole injectable 10% per 100 liters (presented in a 250 ml bottle). this treatment is not without risk if it is carried out incorrectly. because of the toxins released by dead planarians, certain aquarium organisms can also succumb: spirographs, even corals! preparation prepare sufficient new sea water in anticipation of a major water change; calculate the volume of water to be treated (filtration included, decorations excluded); recover new activated carbon (contained in a nylon stocking), at a rate of at least 150 g per 100 liters of water; clean the skimmer; remove the chemical filter masses but let the filtration run; manually eliminate as many planarians as possible by siphoning (less toxins released). carrying out the treatment h0: add the necessary quantity of levamisole directly into the aquarium water; h+2 hours: add the activated carbon to the filtration (the water is tinted orange); h+4 hours: eliminate the planarian corpses by siphoning; h+6 hours: carry out a major water change; h+24 hours: remove the activated carbon from the filtration. repeat this treatment if necessary at the end of a few days if any planarians survived.", "summary": "there are several kinds of planarians (red, brown, etc.). the most dangerous are the red planarians convolutriloba retrogemma . manual method remove the planarians regularly by siphoning (belling). biological method the effectiveness of biological control is uncertain because it depends on the type of planarian and the environment of the aquarium. commonly used predators are (choice of the species to adapt to the aquarium population): nudibranch: chelidonura varians (hammerhead nudibranch, toxic", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-174473-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Flatworms", "Treatments", "Aquariums", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/173676-comment-eliminer-un-poisson-mort/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/173676-comment-eliminer-un-poisson-mort/", "title": "How to dispose of dead fish?", "content_text": "the law strictly prohibits you from disposing of the body of your animal in the toilet (article l. 226 3 of the rural code). there is no question of putting it in the trash, throwing it down the drain or abandoning it in a pond or river. if you have a garden, you can bury your fish provided you respect strict rules (article 98 of standard departmental health regulations): be the owner of the land; that it does not exceed a weight of 40 kg; dig a hole 1 meter deep and at least 35 meters from the first homes and other water points (wells, springs, catchment or supply water works) ; do not place the body in a plastic bag. it is permitted, however, to wrap it in a cloth or place it in a box (wooden or cardboard). cover the body with lime. if you do not have a garden or are unable to respect the conditions above, you can take the remains of your fish to your usual veterinarian for rendering, cremation or possibly burial in an animal cemetery.", "summary": "the law strictly prohibits you from disposing of the body of your animal in the toilet (article l. 226 3 of the rural code). there is no question of putting it in the trash, throwing it down the drain or abandoning it in a pond or river. if you have a garden, you can bury your fish provided you respect strict rules (article 98 of standard departmental health regulations): be the owner of the land; that it does not exceed a weight of 40 kg; dig a hole 1 meter deep and at least 35 meters from the ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-173676-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Fish carcasses", "Ponds and koi", "Regulations", "Transport and shipping" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/170832-comment-traiter-une-infection-bacterienne-sans-ordonnance/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/170832-comment-traiter-une-infection-bacterienne-sans-ordonnance/", "title": "How to treat a bacterial infection without a prescription?", "content_text": "sometimes, it happens that it is necessary to treat one or more freshwater ornamental fish suffering from a bacterial infection without the possibility of resorting to the services of a veterinarian. in this case, there is an over the counter antibiotic available on the market (i.e., subject to veterinary prescription) which has demonstrated good effectiveness in stopping certain infections: these are medications with nifurpirinol as the active substance. the nifurpirinol, can be used according to two protocols: in a short bath or in a long bath. short (or intensive) bath they are carried out outside the tank, in a small volume of water, in which the fish is placed for 30 minutes per day for a few days (classically 3 to 4 days). it is necessary to change the water and the medication every day before each treatment. long bath they are carried out in an equipped quarantine tank (pump, filter, heater if necessary), in which the fish is placed permanently for several days (classically 3 to 4 days). commercially available medications product dosage per tablet or sachet literacy per tablet concentration in long bath concentration in bath short (30 minutes) baktopur direct sera 27.6 mg 50 l 0.55 mg/l 14 mg/lfuranol jbl 5 mg 20 to 30 l 0.17 to 0.25 mg/l 5 mg/lfurapond jbl 31.25 mg125 to 175 l 0.18 to 0.25 mg/l 2.1 at 3.1 mg/laquafuran aquarium münster 12 mg 50 l 0.24 mg/l? warnings the use of this antibiotic is prohibited on animals intended for human consumption. nifurpirinol is toxic to seawater invertebrates. be careful with the sera brand product: it this is baktopur direct and not baktopur (without suffix). please refer to the product instructions.", "summary": "sometimes, it happens that it is necessary to treat one or more freshwater ornamental fish suffering from a bacterial infection without the possibility of resorting to the services of a veterinarian. in this case, there is an over the counter antibiotic available on the market (i.e., subject to veterinary prescription) which has demonstrated good effectiveness in stopping certain infections: these are medications with nifurpirinol as the active substance. the nifurpirinol, can be used according ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-170832-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Bacterial infections", "Treatments", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/163825-quels-roles-joue-la-vitamine-c-chez-les-poissons/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/163825-quels-roles-joue-la-vitamine-c-chez-les-poissons/", "title": "What roles does vitamin C play in fish?", "content_text": "vitamin c is involved in most vital functions: growth, reproduction, healing, response to stress, lipid metabolism, immunity, etc. it is therefore essential to the survival of fish which, unlike the vast majority of mammals, are incapable of synthesizing it. vitamin c acts in numerous biochemical processes: it acts as a co factor in certain reactions (cortisol and catecholamine, two steroid hormones secreted in the event of stress); it is involved in the synthesis of collagen, the main constituent of skin, bones and cartilage. it therefore plays an important role in the integrity of healing in the event of injury; it is a powerful biological antioxidant, which protects the membranes of living cells. doses, megadoses and duration of use: the study of the need of salmonids for vitamin c indicates a value of 50 mg / kg of food (nrc, 1993). the specificities of aquaculture farming lead to supplementations higher than this standard (at least double). numerous work has led to a current practice: that of the use of megadoses of 4 to 6 g of vitamin c per kilogram of dry food for prevention, or even cure of pathological problems, for a minimum period of 2 weeks. megadoses of vitamin c are particularly indicated to reduce the clinical signs of smallpox in carp.", "summary": "vitamin c is involved in most vital functions: growth, reproduction, healing, response to stress, lipid metabolism, immunity, etc. it is therefore essential to the survival of fish which, unlike the vast majority of mammals, are incapable of synthesizing it. vitamin c acts in numerous biochemical processes: it acts as a co factor in certain reactions (cortisol and catecholamine, two steroid hormones secreted in the event of stress); it is involved in the synthesis of collagen, the main constitue", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-163825-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Vitamin C", "Ponds and koi", "Aquaculture", "Feeding", "Regulations" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/163161-comment-mesurer-le-pouvoir-tampon-de-l-eau-tac-kh/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/163161-comment-mesurer-le-pouvoir-tampon-de-l-eau-tac-kh/", "title": "How to measure the buffering capacity of water (TAC, KH)?", "content_text": "the buffering power (or alkalinity) is the ability of water to limit its ph variations under the effect of acids or bases. the higher it is, the more stable the ph will be during the day. in the absence of water change or dissolution of carbonate substrates (e.g.: limestone, oyster shells), the buffering power decreases over time, under the action of carbon dioxide (co2) produced by the respiration of fish and plants. from a chemical point of view, it is the total concentration in the water of hydroxide ions ho , ions carbonates co32 , hydrogen carbonate ions hco3 (also called bicarbonates) and to a lesser extent phosphate ions po43 , silicates sio32 .... depending on the country, this concentration is expressed differently: complete alkalimetric title (tac in french degree) or carbonate hardness (kh in german degree). °fh°dh°eppmfrench degree (tac)1 °fh =10.5600.70210german degree (kh)1 °dh =1.7811.25317.8english degree1 °e =1.430.798114.3ppm caco3 (usa)1 ppm =0.10.0560.071 in fresh water, the buffering power does not should not drop below 9 °fh (tac) or 5 °dh (kh). in practice, alkalinity can be measured with a simple colorimetric method (reading with the naked eye) or more precise (reading by a photometer). examples of liquid colorimetric testing: sera kh test alkalinity analysis kit (reference hanna hi 3811) example of single parameter photometer : mini fresh water alkalinity photometer (reference hanna hi 775) liquid reagent for fresh water alkalinity, approximately 25 tests (hanna hi reference 775 26) alkalinity standard solution (hanna hi reference 775 11) order online consult note boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.", "summary": "the buffering power (or alkalinity) is the ability of water to limit its ph variations under the effect of acids or bases. the higher it is, the more stable the ph will be during the day. in the absence of water change or dissolution of carbonate substrates (e.g.: limestone, oyster shells), the buffering power decreases over time, under the action of carbon dioxide (co2) produced by the respiration of fish and plants. from a chemical point of view, it is the total concentration in the water of h", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-163161-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Measurement", "Buffering capacity", "Water quality", "Diagnosis" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161677-qu-est-ce-que-la-variole-de-la-carpe-pox-carp/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161677-qu-est-ce-que-la-variole-de-la-carpe-pox-carp/", "title": "What is Pox Carp?", "content_text": "this is a cutaneous neoplasia, of viral origin, very common in carp. clinical signs appear when the water temperature is low (in fall, winter and sometimes early spring). the smallpox virus (herpesvirus, cyhv1) multiplies in the skin (the lesions look like candle wax stains), then the skin peels off (ulcer). skin ulcers can become superinfected by environmental bacteria (generally aeromonas). smallpox can also affect the fins and eyes. smallpox is contagious through close contact with infected fish (at the stage where the skin is ulcerated). lesions develop in 60 days at 10°c, 30 days at 15°c. susceptibility to the virus varies from one individual to another, and some \"hardy\" (less selected) individuals may never develop lesions. smallpox is benign in adult carp but it can cause mortality in individuals less than 8 weeks old. there is no curative treatment that can eradicate this virus. normally, as soon as the water temperature increases in spring, the carp's immune defenses strengthen and the wounds regress. it is possible to accelerate the regression of lesions by supplementing food with high doses of vitamin c (known as \"megadoses\", of the order of 4 to 6 g per kilogram of food). if above 20°c, the lesions do not regress, this may be a sign that an underlying problem is present. when the skin flakes, it is preferable to limit contamination to other fish (and secondary infections), to isolate the affected individuals (if possible) and to treat the wounds locally (betadine or water resistant antiseptic dressing).", "summary": "this is a cutaneous neoplasia, of viral origin, very common in carp. clinical signs appear when the water temperature is low (in fall, winter and sometimes early spring). the smallpox virus (herpesvirus, cyhv1) multiplies in the skin (the lesions look like candle wax stains), then the skin peels off (ulcer). skin ulcers can become superinfected by environmental bacteria (generally aeromonas). smallpox can also affect the fins and eyes. smallpox is contagious through close contact with infected f", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-161677-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Koi carp", "Carp pox", "Viral diseases", "Treatments", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161347-comment-euthanasier-un-poisson-d-aquarium/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161347-comment-euthanasier-un-poisson-d-aquarium/", "title": "How to euthanize an aquarium fish?", "content_text": "during an incurable illness, it may happen that you wish to euthanize your fish to avoid causing it to suffer unnecessarily. the choice to euthanize an animal is a difficult decision to make, but if you consider that it is preferable to end the life of your fish, in this case, it is possible to carry out this act in an ethical and safe manner. over the counter product it is enough to obtain in pharmacies, without a prescription, clove (or clove) essential oil, which contains on average between 60 and 95% eugenol, an active substance with anesthetic power. at high doses, the fish will have an anesthetic overdose leading to death. the recommended dose for fish euthanasia is 10 drops (1 ml) of clove essential oil for one liter of water. in practice: in a tank of suitable volume, pour the necessary quantity of water from your aquarium; pour the clove oil (1 ml/l). you can possibly facilitate the dispersion of the oil, by pre diluting it in 5 times its volume of hot water; stir the water/oil mixture well with a kitchen whisk for at least 5 minutes; transfer your fish to be euthanized into this tank, then place a lid on top; quickly, your fish will lose its balance, become unconscious, and stop breathing; leave your fish in this tank euthanasia, for at least 30 minutes after complete cessation of respiratory movements. other protocol for this type of act, it is preferable to consult a veterinarian. in this case, we recommend to our customers the use of benzocaine (delivery only on veterinary prescription).", "summary": "during an incurable illness, it may happen that you wish to euthanize your fish to avoid causing it to suffer unnecessarily. the choice to euthanize an animal is a difficult decision to make, but if you consider that it is preferable to end the life of your fish, in this case, it is possible to carry out this act in an ethical and safe manner. over the counter product it is enough to obtain in pharmacies, without a prescription, clove (or clove) essential oil, which contains on average between 6", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-161347-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Euthanasia", "Treatments", "Aquariums" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161344-comment-doser-les-nitrites-dans-l-eau/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161344-comment-doser-les-nitrites-dans-l-eau/", "title": "How to measure nitrites in water?", "content_text": "the determination of the concentration of nitrites in fresh water is carried out with a colorimetric test. given the required precision, it is recommended to use a photometer for the measurement. example of a single parameter photometer: mini nitrite photometer, narrow range (reference hanna hi 707) powder reagents for nitrites narrow range (hi 707), 25 tests (hanna reference hi 707 25) user instructions order in line consult note boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.", "summary": "the determination of the concentration of nitrites in fresh water is carried out with a colorimetric test. given the required precision, it is recommended to use a photometer for the measurement. example of a single parameter photometer: mini nitrite photometer, narrow range (reference hanna hi 707) powder reagents for nitrites narrow range (hi 707), 25 tests (hanna reference hi 707 25) user instructions order in line consult note boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-161344-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Nitrites", "Measurement", "Water quality", "Diagnosis" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161341-comment-doser-l-ammoniaque-dans-l-eau/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161341-comment-doser-l-ammoniaque-dans-l-eau/", "title": "How to measure ammonia in water?", "content_text": "the determination of the ammonia concentration in fresh water is carried out with a colorimetric test. given the required precision, it is recommended to use a photometer for the measurement. example of a single parameter photometer: mini ammonia photometer, low range (hanna hi 700 reference) reagents for low range ammonia (hi 700), 25 tests (reference hanna hi 700 25) instructions for use continuous monitoring of free (toxic) ammonia ammonia alert from seachem is an innovative chromatic device that continuously detects and monitors toxic free ammonia. the detector reversibly changes color from yellow to green and blue, depending on the ammonia concentration. no equipment, chemicals or handling are required. the device detects less than 0.05 mg/l (ppm) of free ammonia. it works for approximately 6 months and can be used in both fresh water and sea water. order online consult note boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.", "summary": "the determination of the ammonia concentration in fresh water is carried out with a colorimetric test. given the required precision, it is recommended to use a photometer for the measurement. example of a single parameter photometer: mini ammonia photometer, low range (hanna hi 700 reference) reagents for low range ammonia (hi 700), 25 tests (reference hanna hi 700 25) instructions for use continuous monitoring of free (toxic) ammonia ammonia alert from seachem is an innovative chromatic device ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-161341-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Measurement", "Ammonia", "Water quality", "Diagnosis" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151798-qu-est-ce-que-le-hikui/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151798-qu-est-ce-que-le-hikui/", "title": "What is Hikui?", "content_text": "hikui is a benign skin disease found in certain varieties of koi carp (kohaku, sanke, showa). it affects individuals over 2 years old with a very good red quality and affects both males and females. this disease initially affects red skin areas (hi) but can spread to other colors (especially white). clinically, diseased individuals develop hyperplasia of the epidermis, then inflammation and finally skin erosion (japanese breeders initially called it \"hi kui wa mu\" because of of the appearance of these lesions). these lesions are often associated with hemorrhage or erythema. red areas often turn white, but white areas can also become pigmented (migration of erythrophores). lesions are generally located on the back and top of the head, more rarely on the stomach or sides of the lower abdomen. fish rarely succumb to skin lesions, and eventually heal but associated with changes in skin coloring. many etiologies have been mentioned (chronic inflammation, neoplasia), but without scientific certainty. seasonal recurrences are common. treatments unlike the raised lesions of carp pox (pox carp cyhv 1), hikui can easily be scratched (with cotton balls). topical treatments (local disinfectant) tend to accelerate the healing of skin lesions (even without treatment, they eventually regress spontaneously). antibiotics can sometimes be administered to prevent secondary bacterial infections. differential diagnoses infectious: parasites: red eating worm, other parasites: protozoa, fungi: dermatophytes or aflatoxins, bacteria, virus: herpesvirus. non infectious : environment: toxins, sunburn, nutrition, poor water quality, high organic load, neoplasia: skin cancer, fibrosarcoma, genetic (hereditary) susceptibility.", "summary": "hikui is a benign skin disease found in certain varieties of koi carp (kohaku, sanke, showa). it affects individuals over 2 years old with a very good red quality and affects both males and females. this disease initially affects red skin areas (hi) but can spread to other colors (especially white). clinically, diseased individuals develop hyperplasia of the epidermis, then inflammation and finally skin erosion (japanese breeders initially called it \"hi kui wa mu\" because of of the appearance of", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-151798-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Hikui", "Garden ponds", "Viral diseases", "Parasites", "Diagnosis" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151566-qu-est-ce-que-la-shv/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151566-qu-est-ce-que-la-shv/", "title": "What is SHV?", "content_text": "viral hemorrhagic septicemia (shv or vhs in english for viral hemorrhagic septicemia) is caused by the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vshv, synonym: egtved virus). it is a major cause of mortality of rainbow trout in farming. brown trout, grayling, whitefish and pike are susceptible to this virus, as well as marine species such as turbot and cod. animals of all ages can be affected, but the disease is more common and severe in juveniles. natural infection is transmitted horizontally through water or by direct contact with the secretions (urine) of infected fish. the released virus can travel 10 to 20 km with the current before reaching susceptible populations of rainbow trout. piscivorous birds can act as passive vectors. the acute form of the disease occurs during the early stages of infection during which sick fish show clear clinical signs: rapid increase in mortality (can reach up to 100%), lethargy, frequent loss of balance with sometimes spiral swimming, hemorrhages at the base of the fins, melanosis, anemic gills, ascites and dilated abdomen, internal and external petechiae. prevention the water supply should be free of viruses. the health status of fish must be controlled, particularly when they are introduced into the fish farm or into the catchment area of ​​the fish farm. aquaculture farms or aquaculture zones can obtain “disease free” status after implementing a qualification program and subject to compliance with strict and specific qualification measures.", "summary": "viral hemorrhagic septicemia (shv or vhs in english for viral hemorrhagic septicemia) is caused by the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vshv, synonym: egtved virus). it is a major cause of mortality of rainbow trout in farming. brown trout, grayling, whitefish and pike are susceptible to this virus, as well as marine species such as turbot and cod. animals of all ages can be affected, but the disease is more common and severe in juveniles. natural infection is transmitted horizontally through", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-151566-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "VHS", "Viral diseases", "Aquaculture", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151565-qu-est-ce-que-la-nhi/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151565-qu-est-ce-que-la-nhi/", "title": "What is the NHI?", "content_text": "infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn) is caused by the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihn). it is a highly infectious viral disease affecting several species of salmonids. the main clinical and economic consequences of ihn occur in aquaculture farms producing rainbow trout where acute manifestations can result in very high mortality. spawn and juveniles less than 6 months old are the most susceptible to ihn. atlantic, keta, silver, japanese, sockeye and chinook salmon can also be severely affected. the infection is transmitted horizontally by water, secretions and direct contact with sick fish. the ihn virus can retain its infectivity for several weeks or even months in sediments. inapparent carrier salmonid broodstock are the main reservoir of ihn. transmission via the surface of eggs from contaminated broodstock is favored when egg surface disinfection is imperfect. the disease is generally characterized by a sudden increase in mortality in the absence of detectable lesions. diseased fish exhibit clinical signs: lethargy with bouts of hyperactivity, melanosis, anemic gills, ascites, dilated abdomen, exophthalmos, and internal and external petechiae. historically, the geographic range of ihn was limited to the western part of north america, but the disease spread to continental europe and the far east via the importation of fish and of infected eggs. among each fish species, there is a high degree of variation in susceptibility to ihn. the age of the fish is extremely important: the younger the fish, the more predisposed they are to disease. as with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, good overall health of fish appears to reduce overt susceptibility to ihn. fish become increasingly resistant to infection and become asymptomatic carriers. prevention the water supply must be free of viruses. the health status of fish must be controlled, particularly when they are introduced into the fish farm or into the catchment area of ​​the fish farm and in particular when eggs are introduced. aquaculture farms or aquaculture zones can obtain “disease free” status after implementing a qualification program and subject to compliance with strict and specific qualification measures.", "summary": "infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn) is caused by the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihn). it is a highly infectious viral disease affecting several species of salmonids. the main clinical and economic consequences of ihn occur in aquaculture farms producing rainbow trout where acute manifestations can result in very high mortality. spawn and juveniles less than 6 months old are the most susceptible to ihn. atlantic, keta, silver, japanese, sockeye and chinook salmon can also be se", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-151565-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "IHN", "Viral diseases", "Diagnosis", "Aquaculture", "Regulations" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151564-quels-sont-les-principaux-virus-pathogenes-des-poissons/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151564-quels-sont-les-principaux-virus-pathogenes-des-poissons/", "title": "What are the main pathogenic viruses of fish?", "content_text": "there are many pathogenic viruses in fish intended for human consumption or ornamental fish. they are found in both fresh water and sea water. the detection of these viruses requires the use of laboratory analyzes (cell culture, immunology or molecular diagnosis). alloherpesviridae type: dsdna (300 kbp) detection methods: cytopathic effect, ifat, pcr, qpcr virus and diseasesspecies sensitivesymptomscyhv3 (= khv): koi herpesviruskoi carp, common carpskin discoloration, lethargy, loss of balance, hypertrophy and hypersecretion of mucus in the gill epithelium birnaviridae type: 2 dsrna (5.7 kb) detection methods: ifat, pcr virus and diseasessusceptible speciessymptomsipnv: infectious pancreatic necrosismainly salmonidsswimming, abdominal bulge, damage to the excretory tissue, necrosis of the exocrine pancreas, melanism, apathy, enteritisbirnavirus of the turbotturbotapathy, hemorrhages, necrosis of the hematopoietic tissuebirnavirus of the leanlanapathy, hemorrhages, necrosis of hematopoietic tissue iridoviridae type: dsdna (160 kbp) detection methods: ifat, pcr viruses and diseasessusceptible speciessymptoms lymphocystivirus lymphocystic disease sea bream, turbot, fish aquariumskin tumors (giant cells) ranavirus european catfish viruscatfishascites, hemorrhages, necrosis of hematopoietic tissueeuropean sheatfish viruscatfishinappetence, melanism, abnormal swimming rhabdoviridae type: ssrna( ) (11 kb) detection methods: ifat, sero neutralization, pcr, qpcr virus and diseasessensitive speciessymptoms novirhabdovirus vhsv: viral hemorrhagic septicemiatrout (rainbow and brown), turbot, whitefish, pike, char, black bassmelanism, exophthalmos, anemia, hemorrhages, ascites, nervous symptoms, hematopoietic necrosis (kidney, spleen)ihnv: infectious hematopoietic necrosisrainbow trout, salmonmelanism, exophthalmos, anemia, hemorrhages, ascites, nervous symptoms, hematopoietic necrosis (kidney, spleen) vesiculovirus svcv: spring carp viremiacarp, catfishmelanism, exophthalmos, anemia, hemorrhages, ascites, nervous symptoms, necrosis hematopoietic (kidney, spleen)pfr: red disease of pike frypikemelanism, exophthalmia, anemia, hemorrhages, ascites, nervous symptoms, hematopoietic necrosis (kidney, spleen)prhv: rhabdovirus disease of perchperch, zandermelanism, exophthalmos, anemia, hemorrhages, ascites, nervous symptoms, hematopoietic necrosis (kidney, rate) nodaviridae type: 2 ssrna(+) (4.5 kb) detection methods: ifat, pcr, qpcr virus and diseasessensitive speciessymptoms betanodavirus ver or vnn: encephalopathy, viral retinopathybar, turbot, seaweed, lean, sea bream, sole, halibut, grouper, tilapia, guppynervous signs, inappetence, abnormal swimming, loss of balance, nerve damage (vacuolization) togaviridae type: ssrna(+) (12 kb) detection methods: ifat, pcr virus and diseasessusceptible speciessymptomssav16: sleeping sickness, sleeping sickness pancreasrainbow trout, atlantic salmon, brown troutfish lying on their sides, necrosis of the exocrine pancreas, heart and muscle damage, inappetence, apathy orthomyxoviridae type: 8 ssrna(–) (13.5 kb) detection methods: ifat, pcr virus and diseasessusceptible speciessymptomsisav: infectious salmon anemiaatlantic salmonsevere anemia, exophthalmos, ascites, petechiae in the abdominal fat, congestion of the liver and spleen, liver very dark in color", "summary": "there are many pathogenic viruses in fish intended for human consumption or ornamental fish. they are found in both fresh water and sea water. the detection of these viruses requires the use of laboratory analyzes (cell culture, immunology or molecular diagnosis). alloherpesviridae type: dsdna (300 kbp) detection methods: cytopathic effect, ifat, pcr, qpcr virus and diseasesspecies sensitivesymptomscyhv3 (= khv): koi herpesviruskoi carp, common carpskin discoloration, lethargy, loss of balance, ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-151564-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Viral diseases", "Diagnosis", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/149581-qu-est-ce-que-l-agrement-zoosanitaire-d-une-pisciculture-et-qui-est-concerne/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/149581-qu-est-ce-que-l-agrement-zoosanitaire-d-une-pisciculture-et-qui-est-concerne/", "title": "What is the zoosanitary approval of a fish farm and who is concerned?", "content_text": "placing aquaculture animals on the market with or without profit is an activity subject to obtaining zoosanitary approval as long as it involves a risk of spreading aquatic animal diseases. zoosanitary approval is required for: all aquaculture farms (primary production) which place live aquaculture animals on the market; processing establishments who slaughter aquaculture animals as part of the fight against diseases deemed to be contagious in aquaculture animals (in the case of a prefectural decree declaring infection for example). than a registration. do not hesitate to contact usfor any request for assistance in submitting your file or for maintaining your animal health approval. you will find all the details of the procedure for granting animal health approval for aquaculture farms by consulting the memory from the directorate general for food (dgal) of april 13, 2011. consult the list of approved french aquaculture establishments ..., (source: agriculture.gouv.fr) please note, zoosanitary approval is to be distinguished from : “european health approval” this is an authorization which allows establishments to prepare, transform, handle or store products of animal origin (meat, charcuterie, cooked dishes based on meat, fish, etc.) to manufacture and place their products on the market. “restocking approval” any fish farmer who sells live fish intended for restocking must hold this authorization according to the provisions of the code of the environment. “health qualification” this recognition is issued to sites free of shv and/or nhi having followed a qualification program. it is subject to regular monitoring by virological analyzes according to a frequency and sampling set by regulations.", "summary": "placing aquaculture animals on the market with or without profit is an activity subject to obtaining zoosanitary approval as long as it involves a risk of spreading aquatic animal diseases. zoosanitary approval is required for: all aquaculture farms (primary production) which place live aquaculture animals on the market; processing establishments who slaughter aquaculture animals as part of the fight against diseases deemed to be contagious in aquaculture animals (in the case of a prefectural de", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-149581-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Animal-health approval", "Diagnosis", "Aquaculture", "Feeding", "Regulations" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142035-comment-prevenir-et-controler-la-khvd/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142035-comment-prevenir-et-controler-la-khvd/", "title": "How to prevent and control KHVD?", "content_text": "error message warning : preg replace(): compilation failed: utf 8 error: byte 2 top bits not 0x80 at offset 5186 in search excerpt() (line 1256 in modules/search/search.module ). warning : preg replace(): compilation failed: utf 8 error: byte 2 top bits not 0x80 at offset 5186 in search excerpt() (line 1256 in modules/search/search.module ). vaccination there is currently no effective and safe vaccine. some countries outside the eu, such as israel, use attenuated viral strains which only provide transient immunity (8 months). these fish therefore remain carriers of an attenuated virus whose risks of reactivation are not negligible. this practice is prohibited in europe. therapy a rise in temperature above 30°c blocks the replication of the virus and its pathogenic effects on infected individuals. they become immunized but remain healthy carriers. this method is prohibited in france because it contravenes national legislation relating to the control of first category health dangers.", "summary": "error message warning : preg replace(): compilation failed: utf 8 error: byte 2 top bits not 0x80 at offset 5186 in search excerpt() (line 1256 in modules/search/search.module ). warning : preg replace(): compilation failed: utf 8 error: byte 2 top bits not 0x80 at offset 5186 in search excerpt() (line 1256 in modules/search/search.module ). vaccination there is currently no effective and safe vaccine. some countries outside the eu, such as israel, use attenuated viral strains which only provide", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-142035-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "KHV", "Prevention", "Viral diseases", "Hygiene and biosecurity" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142033-comment-detecter-le-virus-cyhv3-ou-khv/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142033-comment-detecter-le-virus-cyhv3-ou-khv/", "title": "How to detect the CyHV3 (or KHV) virus?", "content_text": "there are two types of methods for detecting the virus responsible for koi herpes virosis: direct method: search for viral dna by pcr (polymerase chain reaction) it is a molecular method of amplification of the genes of the virus which makes it possible to detect it in the organs of the fish. this test is recommended by the o.i.e. (office internationale des epizooties) and the only one currently validated in france to confirm an episode of khvd. limitation of this test: viral dna is difficult to detect in healthy carrier individuals. in addition, they must be sacrificed to remove the most contaminated organs: spleen, kidney, and gills. indirect methods: immunological method by elisa (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and sero neutralization test they make it possible to detect antibodies synthesized by fish against khv. these antibodies are present from 3 weeks after contamination on subjects raised between 19° and 25°c and 10 weeks if they are raised between 11 and 12°c. it is possible to detect individuals who have been contaminated up to two years after exposure to the virus. the animals are not sacrificed, a simple blood test is sufficient. limitation of these tests: individuals without sufficient antibody levels are not detected. this limits those who have not yet synthesized antibodies (3 weeks post infection) or who have a decrease in antibody levels (beyond 2 years post infection). the sensitivity of the technique is lower than pcr and is currently not yet officially validated. there are also risks of cross reactions (false positives) with another herpes virus (cyhv1 responsible for carp pox. conclusion these are therefore two different but complementary diagnostic tools. pcr makes it possible to diagnose khv in sick individuals and serology to identify healthy or surviving carriers, and therefore to assess the health status of carp populations with regard to the khv.", "summary": "there are two types of methods for detecting the virus responsible for koi herpes virosis: direct method: search for viral dna by pcr (polymerase chain reaction) it is a molecular method of amplification of the genes of the virus which makes it possible to detect it in the organs of the fish. this test is recommended by the o.i.e. (office internationale des epizooties) and the only one currently validated in france to confirm an episode of khvd. limitation of this test: viral dna is difficult to", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-142033-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "KHV", "Detection", "Viral diseases", "Diagnosis", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142030-comment-s-exprime-l-herpes-virose-de-la-carpe-koi-khvd/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142030-comment-s-exprime-l-herpes-virose-de-la-carpe-koi-khvd/", "title": "How is koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) expressed?", "content_text": "clinically, we can observe hypersecretion of mucus, skin and gill ulcers, congestion of the skin and fins, lethargy with possible phases of hyperactivity, enophthalmos (eyes retracted into their orbits)... the expression of the disease varies depending on the temperature, the population and the breeding conditions. it is expressed between 16 and 26°c but never below 13°c and above 30°c. high temperature inhibits viral multiplication and below it is too slow or inactive. fish infected below 13°c can act as a reservoir for the disease (healthy carriers). fish surviving an episode of khvd can also redevelop the disease during a drop in immunity and stress (transport, handling, etc.) between 16°c and 26°c.", "summary": "clinically, we can observe hypersecretion of mucus, skin and gill ulcers, congestion of the skin and fins, lethargy with possible phases of hyperactivity, enophthalmos (eyes retracted into their orbits)... the expression of the disease varies depending on the temperature, the population and the breeding conditions. it is expressed between 16 and 26°c but never below 13°c and above 30°c. high temperature inhibits viral multiplication and below it is too slow or inactive. fish infected below 13°c ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-142030-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Koi carp", "KHV", "Viral diseases", "Ponds and koi", "Aquaculture" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142029-qu-est-ce-que-le-khv/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142029-qu-est-ce-que-le-khv/", "title": "What is KHV?", "content_text": "this is a herpesvirus, also called (cyhv3 for cyprinus herpes virus type 3) which causes a severe and very contagious viral infection in cyprinidae. the disease caused by this virus is called koi herpes virus disease (or khvd for koi herpes virus disease). it is responsible for very significant mortality (80 to 100%). sensitive species are common carp, koi carp, ghost carp, as well as carp x goldfish crosses. as this is a first category health hazard, any case of khvd must be reported to the health authorities. in france, 9 outbreaks have been reported since 2001: 3 in 2008, 2 in 2011, 1 in 2012, 1 in 2013, and 2 in 2014.", "summary": "this is a herpesvirus, also called (cyhv3 for cyprinus herpes virus type 3) which causes a severe and very contagious viral infection in cyprinidae. the disease caused by this virus is called koi herpes virus disease (or khvd for koi herpes virus disease). it is responsible for very significant mortality (80 to 100%). sensitive species are common carp, koi carp, ghost carp, as well as carp x goldfish crosses. as this is a first category health hazard, any case of khvd must be reported to the hea", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-142029-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "KHV", "Viral diseases", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130503-comment-preparer-un-bain-antiparasitaire-au-metronidazole/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130503-comment-preparer-un-bain-antiparasitaire-au-metronidazole/", "title": "How to prepare an antiparasitic bath with Metronidazole?", "content_text": "metronidazole is a molecule which has good solubility in water but whose crystals are quite large. in order to accelerate its complete dissolution, the powder can be mixed with lukewarm tap water.", "summary": "metronidazole is a molecule which has good solubility in water but whose crystals are quite large. in order to accelerate its complete dissolution, the powder can be mixed with lukewarm tap water.", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-130503-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Metronidazole", "Therapeutic baths", "Preparation", "Parasites", "Treatments" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130496-quel-type-de-sel-utiliser-pour-faire-des-bains-therapeutiques/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130496-quel-type-de-sel-utiliser-pour-faire-des-bains-therapeutiques/", "title": "What type of salt should I use for therapeutic baths?", "content_text": "to carry out salt baths in fresh water, you must use a salt that is non iodized, non fluorinated, and without anti caking agent . we recommend the following salts: lick stone for horses and ruminants: block of sel'pur(100% sodium chloride), 5, 12 or 25 kg. available in agricultural cooperatives. salt tablets for domestic softeners, generally in 10 or 25 kg bags. these tablets must contain at least 99.9% sodium chloride and comply with the following standards: en 973 (quality a), en 14805 (type 1 dry salt), stan 150 1985 of the codex alimentarius. guérande salt. coarse food salt (check carefully that it does not contain sodium or potassium iodide, or any other adjuvant). salt in blocks and pellets can be placed directly in the pool. for powdered salt, it must first be dissolved in water (to avoid forming a carpet of salt which risks burning the fish on the bottom).", "summary": "to carry out salt baths in fresh water, you must use a salt that is non iodized, non fluorinated, and without anti caking agent . we recommend the following salts: lick stone for horses and ruminants: block of sel'pur(100% sodium chloride), 5, 12 or 25 kg. available in agricultural cooperatives. salt tablets for domestic softeners, generally in 10 or 25 kg bags. these tablets must contain at least 99.9% sodium chloride and comply with the following standards: en 973 (quality a), en 14805 (type 1", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-130496-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Salinity", "Therapeutic baths", "Treatments", "Ponds and koi", "Feeding" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130493-comment-agir-en-urgence-pour-faire-degonfler-un-poisson-d-eau-douce-atteint-de-trouble-osmotique/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130493-comment-agir-en-urgence-pour-faire-degonfler-un-poisson-d-eau-douce-atteint-de-trouble-osmotique/", "title": "How to act urgently to deflate a freshwater fish suffering from an osmotic disorder?", "content_text": "following an alteration of the skin or branchial epithelium by compounds such as ammonia or by ectoparasites, freshwater fish can begin to swell (cutaneous edema, dropsy), by osmotic imbalance between the internal environment of the fish and the external environment. to \"deflate\" the fish, it can be placed in water with a salt concentration (essentially chloride of sodium) is artificially increased above 3 grams per liter of water. classically for carp and goldfish, the salinity is increased to between 5 and 7 g per liter (i.e. 5 to 7 kg of salt per cubic meter of water) gradually over several days. the increase in salinity can be rapid (2 grams per liter per day). on the other hand, the reduction in salinity once the fish has deflated should be slow (2 grams per liter per week).", "summary": "following an alteration of the skin or branchial epithelium by compounds such as ammonia or by ectoparasites, freshwater fish can begin to swell (cutaneous edema, dropsy), by osmotic imbalance between the internal environment of the fish and the external environment. to \"deflate\" the fish, it can be placed in water with a salt concentration (essentially chloride of sodium) is artificially increased above 3 grams per liter of water. classically for carp and goldfish, the salinity is increased to ", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-130493-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Osmotic disorders", "Parasites", "Water quality", "Aquariums", "Ponds and koi" ] }, { "id": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130492-comment-preparer-un-bain-antiparasitaire-de-praziquantel/", "url": "https://www.vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130492-comment-preparer-un-bain-antiparasitaire-de-praziquantel/", "title": "How to prepare an antiparasitic bath of Praziquantel?", "content_text": "praziquantel is a molecule that is relatively poorly soluble in water (400 mg/l). to promote its suspension, there are 2 methods: aqueous method add the powder to a bowl; gradually pour lukewarm tap water while kneading until it forms a homogeneous liquid with the consistency of pancake batter; add the suspension obtained under the surface of the water in the basin at the outlet of the pump. solvent method the powder can be \"wet\" with a little organic solvent, such as acetone, alcohol (unmodified ethanol), propylene glycol, etc. be careful, however, the addition of organic solvent in a closed water circuit can be the cause of bacterial multiplication following the massive supply of carbon (energy source for certain bacteria). if the water becomes cloudy after a few days, restart the uv and renew part of the water.", "summary": "praziquantel is a molecule that is relatively poorly soluble in water (400 mg/l). to promote its suspension, there are 2 methods: aqueous method add the powder to a bowl; gradually pour lukewarm tap water while kneading until it forms a homogeneous liquid with the consistency of pancake batter; add the suspension obtained under the surface of the water in the basin at the outlet of the pump. solvent method the powder can be \"wet\" with a little organic solvent, such as acetone, alcohol (unmodifie", "image": "https://www.vetofish.com/images/faq/faq-130492-16x9.webp", "tags": [ "Praziquantel", "Therapeutic baths", "Preparation", "Parasites", "Treatments" ] } ] }