Practical answers about fish health and husbandry.https://vetofish.com/enhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271396-comment-eliminer-les-depots-de-calcaire-en-aquarium/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271396-comment-eliminer-les-depots-de-calcaire-en-aquarium/scale can form in an aquarium due to water evaporation, which leaves behind minerals such as calcium carbonate. scale can be an aesthetic problem, but can also affect water quality by raising the ph and hardening the water, which can be harmful to fish and plants. here are the steps to take to remove scale from an aquarium: 1. partially drain the aquarium water before you start removing limescale, you should drain about a third of the aquarium water to make cleaning easier. 2. remove decorationsWeighingLimescaleWater qualityAquariumshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271332-comment-importer-d-une-specialite-anesthesique-veterinaire-etrangere/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271332-comment-importer-d-une-specialite-anesthesique-veterinaire-etrangere/for example, there is no veterinary medicine authorized and appropriate in france for the anesthesia of fish or aquatic amphibians. recourse to importation may therefore be necessary in certain situations. two scenarios are possible depending on the applicant and the purpose: request made by the pharmacy manager for so called non therapeutic use (as part of a scientific research procedure) : the decree of february 1, 2013 relating to the delivery and use of medicines used by establishments approImportationAnaesthesiaTreatmentsRegulationsTransport and shippinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271308-qu-est-ce-que-l-attestation-de-connaissances-pour-les-animaux-de-compagnie-d-especes-domestiques/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271308-qu-est-ce-que-l-attestation-de-connaissances-pour-les-animaux-de-compagnie-d-especes-domestiques/article l214 6 1 of the rural and maritime fishing code requires minimum knowledge to carry out activities related to animals of the following domestic species: management of a pound or a shelter commercial exercise of selling domestic animals (including 5 species of fish considered domestic) breeding, education and training transit or keeping of domestic animals presentation of dogs and cats to the public since january 1, 2016, the certificate of capacity for domestic animals (ccad) has been abDomestic speciesACACEDDiagnosisAquacultureRegulationshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271264-comment-choisir-un-fil-de-suture/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271264-comment-choisir-un-fil-de-suture/the needle: the needles are made of stainless steel, they are made up of a tip and a body. there are needles with a round, triangular, lanceolate (or diamond) or mixed (tapercut) section: triangular tip and round body. the round section allows you to puncture the tissues without tearing them while the triangular section includes 3 sharp edges, these triangular edges can cause tearing of the tissues when pulling the flap when the stitch is closed. this type of needle will be reserved for thick faSuturesRegulationsDiagnosisTreatmentsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271181-comment-desinfecter-des-plantes-pour-aquarium/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271181-comment-desinfecter-des-plantes-pour-aquarium/aquatic plants purchased in pet stores are frequent vectors for the introduction into an aquarium of undesirable organisms such as snails, parasites or algae. although this is not an absolute guarantee, the "disinfection" (improper term) of these plants helps reduce this risk. among the different disinfectants that can be used, potassium permanganate is very effective and is easily available in pharmacies (over the counter sale without prescription). please note, however, that certain fragile plDisinfectionParasitesTreatmentsAquariumsHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271035-quelle-balance-choisir-pour-peser-des-medicaments-en-poudre/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/271035-quelle-balance-choisir-pour-peser-des-medicaments-en-poudre/it is essential to ask yourself the following questions before purchasing a scale intended for weighing medications to treat aquarium fish: what precision are we trying to obtain? what maximum weight should it weigh? (maximum load or reach) what minimum weight should it weigh? (minimum range) in what environment will it be used? (dust and humidity) precision classes the first criterion to take into account is the precision of the balance. there are four classes of precision recognized at europeaVeterinary medicinesWeighingDiagnosisTreatmentsAquariumshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/224618-quels-sont-les-laboratoires-departementaux-veterinaires-specialises-en-poissons/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/224618-quels-sont-les-laboratoires-departementaux-veterinaires-specialises-en-poissons/if you require virological testing as part of an official qualification program (shv, nhi, khv), the samples taken by your veterinarian must be sent to a departmental veterinary laboratory approved for this type of research. you will find below the main laboratories concerned: departmental veterinary laboratory of finistère (29) address: 22 avenue plage des gueux, za de créac'h gwen, cs 13031, 29334 quimper cedex telephone: 02 98 10 28 88 analysis approvals: shv, nhi internal site hérault departTestingVeterinary laboratoriesViral diseasesDiagnosishttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/216242-peut-on-donner-du-pain-a-manger-a-des-carpes-kois/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/216242-peut-on-donner-du-pain-a-manger-a-des-carpes-kois/in addition to the basic food, it is possible to occasionally give bread to your koi carp, but you must respect a few rules. bread is not really adapted to the nutritional needs of koi carp. although it contains vegetable proteins (around 9% protein), this contribution remains largely insufficient; in addition, part of these proteins is represented by gluten which is a completely insoluble (and indigestible) protein fraction. the high concentration of carbohydrates or carbohydrates (around 50%),FeedingKoi carpPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/209482-comment-bien-se-laver-les-mains/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/209482-comment-bien-se-laver-les-mains/wash your hands with soap and water when they are visibly soiled. otherwise, use hydroalcoholic friction for hand hygiene. duration of the procedure: 40 to 60 seconds. wet hands thoroughly apply enough soap to cover all surfaces of the hands and rub palm to palm using a rotating motion the back of the left hand with a back and forth movement exerted by the palm of the right hand, and vice versa the interdigital spaces, palm to palm and fingers interlaced, exercising a movement from front to backHand washingHygieneTreatmentsHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/209126-quelles-sont-les-conditions-minimales-pour-maintenir-un-poisson-rouge/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/209126-quelles-sont-les-conditions-minimales-pour-maintenir-un-poisson-rouge/the goldfish carassius auratus is a freshwater fish that is commonly found in aquariums but it is unfortunately very rare that it is kept in satisfactory conditions. goldfish are very demanding in terms of breeding and they should not be recommended for beginner aquarists. their genetic selection pushed to the extreme makes them very fragile, their digestive physiology is very restrictive, they are big water polluters... in good conditions, a goldfish can easily live for around fifteen years, otGoldfishAquariumsWater qualityPonds and koiAquaculturehttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/204166-qu-est-ce-qu-un-protocole-de-soins-en-pisciculture/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/204166-qu-est-ce-qu-un-protocole-de-soins-en-pisciculture/the care protocol is a document introduced by the decree of april 24, 2007relating to health surveillance and care regularly entrusted to the veterinarian. in continuation of breeding health assessment, the veterinarian draws up a care protocol which will serve as a reference for the prescription of medications without systematic clinical examination. he focuses in particular on: specifying the health measures, i.e. hygiene measures and good breeding practices not requiring the use of medicationCare protocolAquacultureTreatmentsHygiene and biosecurityTransport and shippinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/204161-en-quoi-consiste-le-bilan-sanitaire-d-elevage/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/204161-en-quoi-consiste-le-bilan-sanitaire-d-elevage/the breeding health assessment (bse) is a system introduced by the decree of april 24, 2007relating to health surveillance and care regularly entrusted to the veterinarian. it is carried out by a veterinarian during a scheduled visit to the advance made on the farm in the presence of the animal holder and during the period of holding a band or batch of animals representative of the species and, where applicable, the type of production. its objective is to define the reference health status of a DiagnosisTreatmentsAquacultureFeedingRegulationshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/203523-comment-conditionner-un-poisson-mort-pour-l-envoi/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/203523-comment-conditionner-un-poisson-mort-pour-l-envoi/if you want us to carry out an autopsy on one or more fish, you must send us the samples quickly and in the best conditions. in order for your sample to be considered compliant, be sure to respect these few rules: bag and label place your fish in a plastic bag (freezer bag type). if you have several fish, use one bag per fish and remember to label them carefully. close the bag(s) securely, either with a tight knot or with the zip slider. absorption device against liquid leaks add absorbent paperTransportFish carcassesShippingDiagnosisRegulationshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/202970-comment-envoyer-un-prelevement-pour-analyse/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/202970-comment-envoyer-un-prelevement-pour-analyse/the time between collection and analysis must not exceed 24 hours. it is therefore necessary to send your samples immediately after collection and to use express delivery such as chronopost delivery the next day before 1 p.m. : ready to ship range in box format : packaging + postage. purchase online (boutique.chronopost.fr) or at a post office; chrono 13 range : postage only (label to stick on your own package). purchase possible only online (www.chronopost.fr). it is imperative that the water sSamplingTestingTransportDiagnosisTransport and shippinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/201777-quelles-sont-les-maladies-a-declaration-obligatoire/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/201777-quelles-sont-les-maladies-a-declaration-obligatoire/a notifiable animal disease (mado) is, as defined by the world organization for animal health (oie), an animal disease included in a list established by the government veterinary administration of each member, and the detection or suspicion of which must be brought immediately to the attention of the veterinary authority in accordance with national regulations, in order to monitor a possible departure epidemic and take appropriate measures to contain it. the list of notifiable diseases of aquatiNotifiable diseasesViral diseasesDiagnosisPonds and koiAquaculturehttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/201635-quelles-sont-les-habilitations-necessaires-pour-transporter-des-poissons-vivants/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/201635-quelles-sont-les-habilitations-necessaires-pour-transporter-des-poissons-vivants/since january 5, 2008, under ec regulation no. 1/2005, any person carrying out, on his own behalf or on behalf of a third party, the transport of live vertebrate animals (mammals, birds, fish, etc.…) must hold an authorization. this authorization is broken down into 3 points: the driver must know how to transport animals: he must hold captav (or tav training for fish) or have obtained a recognized diploma. the means of transport must be approved to be able to transport animals. a commitment fromTransportLive fishAquacultureRegulationsHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194881-comment-estimer-la-biomasse-d-un-bassin-de-carpes-kois/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194881-comment-estimer-la-biomasse-d-un-bassin-de-carpes-kois/knowledge of the fish population in a pond may be necessary when you want to know if you are feeding your fish sufficiently, or when you need to administer treatment via food. the simplest and most precise method is to weigh each fish individually, but this ideal situation is only possible when the population is small and you have mastered the operations of capturing and tranquilizing the animals. most of the time, it is necessary to use an indirect method: by sampling divide the number of your Koi carpBiomassDiagnosisTreatmentsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194820-comment-preparer-un-substrat-biologique-neuf-en-plastique/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194820-comment-preparer-un-substrat-biologique-neuf-en-plastique/whether bioballe, kaldnes k1/k3 or hélix, these small devices are manufactured by pouring hot plastic into a mold previously coated with wax (to facilitate unmolding). but after unmolding, a light film of wax persists on the surface of the plastic, which tends to slow down the colonization of bacteria responsible for the biological nitrogen cycle (nitrosomonas, nitrobacter, nitrocystis). in order for the creation of this biofilm to be the fastest, we recommend cleaning these filtration substratePreparationDiagnosisFish healthhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194739-comment-monter-une-cuve-de-quarantaine-hospitalisation-pour-carpes-kois/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194739-comment-monter-une-cuve-de-quarantaine-hospitalisation-pour-carpes-kois/the isolation of new acquisitions and their treatment in the event of a disease declaration are the only defenses against an epidemic which could have catastrophic consequences in your pond. this proximity allows close control: observation with the naked eye of the slightest physical abnormality (wound, skin infection, parasites), physiological (breathing, food intake) or behavioral (rubbing, lethargy). the quarantine tank is the ideal place to provide care attentive to sick animals (repeated loQuarantineKoi carpParasitesDiagnosisTreatmentshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194410-comment-conditionner-un-prelevement-d-eau-pour-analyse/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194410-comment-conditionner-un-prelevement-d-eau-pour-analyse/if you want us to carry out an analysis of your water (aquarium, pond, borehole, tap, etc.) you must send us the samples quickly and in the best conditions. in order for your sample to be considered compliant, be sure to respect these few rules: bottled for the main water parameters, a simple 0.5 l plastic bottle is sufficient. in the event of a specific request (search for micropollutants for example), the second sample in a glass bottle may be necessary. remember to clearly identify each bottlSamplingTestingDiagnosisAquariumsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194088-comment-nourrir-mes-poissons-rouges-en-aquarium/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194088-comment-nourrir-mes-poissons-rouges-en-aquarium/goldfish are omnivorous, which means that their diet must include foods of plant and animal origin. they cannot be satisfied with food in flakes or granules. to feed them correctly, you must give them regularly: food of animal origin these are brine shrimp, tubifex, which you will find frozen in pet stores (prefer frozen foods to dehydrated ones). fresh daphnia are very good for transit and can also be distributed every week. plants they are very important, especially for certain short bodied vaFeedingGoldfishDiagnosisAquariumsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194029-quels-sont-les-bienfaits-de-la-bentonite-en-bassin-de-carpes-kois/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/194029-quels-sont-les-bienfaits-de-la-bentonite-en-bassin-de-carpes-kois/bentonite is a calcium based clay, naturally rich in montmorillonite and trace elements. it has various properties in aqueous solution, such as the absorption of proteins or the reduction of enzymatic activity. it can be used in different ways depending on the desired indication: in water: skin dressing when conditions leading to loss of mucus, scaling or ulcers; clarification of water by flocculation of small suspended matter (microalgae, organic debris); chelating agent for water toxins and myKoi carpBentoniteParasitesPonds and koiFeedinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/193867-comment-regenerer-de-la-zeolithe/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/193867-comment-regenerer-de-la-zeolithe/natural zeolites are mineral rocks with a chemical composition close to that of clays. they have the capacity to absorb ammonium ions (nh4+) in exchange for sodium ions (na+). among the many types of zeolite, clinoptilolite is the most effective. under optimal conditions (soft water, low hardness, neutral ph) and for a small particle size (4 8 mm maximum), 1 g of clinoptilolite can theoretically absorb up to 9 mg of ammonium (in practice, a more realistic value of 2 mg is retained). the recommenZeoliteWater qualityPonds and koiTransport and shippinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/191860-quelles-sont-les-recommandations-pour-les-prelevements-de-tissus-destines-aux-analyses-histologi/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/191860-quelles-sont-les-recommandations-pour-les-prelevements-de-tissus-destines-aux-analyses-histologi/the samples must be taken and fixed within 5 minutes following the death/euthanasia of the animal in order to avoid damage linked to the phenomena of autolysis and bacterial development which can take place very quickly. the thickness of each sample must not exceed 1 cm (if necessary, make organ sections): the samples must be small enough to allow the fixative to diffuse quickly within the animal. the sample. 1 maximum volume of sample for 10 volumes of fixative: the quantity of fixative must beSamplingHistologyDiagnosisTreatmentsWater qualityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/189646-qu-est-ce-que-le-virkon-et-comment-l-utiliser/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/189646-qu-est-ce-que-le-virkon-et-comment-l-utiliser/virkon is a multi purpose disinfectant. it contains potassium hydrogen sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, sulfamic acid, and inorganic buffers. it is intended for the disinfection of surfaces and equipment by soaking as well as for footbaths. this product has a broad spectrum of activity against viruses, certain fungi and bacteria. fashion action the reaction produced by the elements of the disinfectant is a cycle based on redox reactions. the kmps complex (oxone or monopersulfate triple DisinfectionViral diseasesDiagnosisTreatmentsWater qualityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188772-qu-est-ce-que-la-npi-necrose-pancreatique-infectieuse/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188772-qu-est-ce-que-la-npi-necrose-pancreatique-infectieuse/this is a disease which mainly appears in young salmonids (rainbow trout and river trout, atlantic salmon, char) as well as in pike fry. but almost all freshwater and seawater fish are susceptible to the disease, as are molluscs (mussels). signs of disease the disease often begins when fish are first fed (up to the 20th week of life). affected fish swim in an uncoordinated manner (spiral or corkscrew swimming), and often lie on their sides at the bottom of the pool. they also have dark coloratioIPNViral diseasesRegulationsTransport and shippinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188209-qu-est-que-la-costiose/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188209-qu-est-que-la-costiose/this is a parasitic infestation caused by ichthyobodo necatrix (formerly called costia ), a flagellated protozoan, which affects the skin and gills of many freshwater fish (carps, goldfish, salmonids, etc.) in a wide temperature range 2 30°c. due to its direct and very rapid multiplication, this ectoparasite is often the cause of very significant mortalities over a very short time interval. clinical signs clinical signs are common to many ectoprotozooses. skin and fins: hyperproduction of mucus,CostiosisParasitesDiagnosisAquariumsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188031-quelles-sont-les-formalites-d-importation-en-france-de-ses-animaux-de-compagnie/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/188031-quelles-sont-les-formalites-d-importation-en-france-de-ses-animaux-de-compagnie/pet animals imported from countries outside the european union must be declared and presented to customs for documentary and identity checks, before they can be admitted to the territory of the european union. importing an animal without declaration may result in a fine or even confiscation of the animal. moreover, the person accompanying the animal is either the owner or a natural person who assumes responsibility for it on behalf of the owner. general framework to be able to be imported into fImportationDiagnosisTreatmentsRegulationsHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/187983-quel-est-le-role-du-veterinaire-sanitaire-et-comment-le-designer-officiellement/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/187983-quel-est-le-role-du-veterinaire-sanitaire-et-comment-le-designer-officiellement/animal owners or event managers referred to in article r. 203 1 of the rural and maritime fishing code are required, as soon as their activity is set up, to designate a health veterinarianfor their activity so that the latter can carry out certain missions regulations for surveillance, prevention or control of regulated animal diseases. for aquatic animals, this procedure concerns: aquaculture farms with the exception of shellfish farms, subject to zoosanitary approval; public aquariums; animal Official veterinarianAquariumsAquacultureRegulationsHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/186362-qu-est-ce-que-le-ksd-koi-sleepy-disease/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/186362-qu-est-ce-que-le-ksd-koi-sleepy-disease/commonly known as carp sleeping sickness, it is a new contagious viral disease caused by the carp edema virus (cev), possibly belonging to the poxvirus family. appeared in japan in 1974, it now affects europe (detection in the united kingdom, the netherlands, france). it affects cyprinus carpio (common carp and koi carp), but to date, there is no certainty about the absence of carriage by other species. mortality can be significant and reach 80% in a few days (1 to 2 weeks). the trigger temperatKSDViral diseasesDiagnosisPonds and koiHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/186322-quelles-sont-les-medicaments-avec-amm-poissons/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/186322-quelles-sont-les-medicaments-avec-amm-poissons/in france, there are only 14 aquaculture specialties among the 2,867 authorized veterinary drugs. there are: 7 vaccines 6 medicated premixes (antibiotics) 1 antifungal by balneation aquaflor 500 mg/g premix medicine for rainbow trout medicidal premix active substance: florfenicol target species: trout to be delivered only on prescription which must be kept for at least 5 years, list i amm: intervet of 12/12/2011 (procedure: rm, fr=emr) rcp: consult the summary of product characteristics ... rpe:Veterinary medicinesMarketing authorisationDiagnosisTreatmentsAquaculturehttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183918-quelle-est-la-toxicite-des-nitrates-en-eau-douce/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183918-quelle-est-la-toxicite-des-nitrates-en-eau-douce/nitrates (no3 ) are the last stage of ammonia oxidation before the nitrogen cycle is completed. nitrates have much less toxicity than nitrites (no2 ). in acute conditions, they only constitute a problem at very high concentrations (of the order of several hundred mg/l). unless you are the owner of a particularly neglected aquarium, lethal concentrations are not encountered. in the long term (chronic), at moderate concentrations (greater than 50 mg/l), we can note effects on fish: reduction in grNitratesDiagnosisWater qualityAquariumsTransport and shippinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183917-quelle-est-la-toxicite-des-nitrites-en-eau-douce/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183917-quelle-est-la-toxicite-des-nitrites-en-eau-douce/nitrites (no2 ) are considered to be the first compound resulting from the oxidation of ammonia by a specific bacterial flora of the biological filter. this compound is highly toxic and should be present at almost undetectable concentrations in an aquarium. the major toxic effect is the destruction by oxidation of the hemoglobin contained in the red blood cells, leading to the impossibility of fixing oxygen and transporting it to the organs: we then speak of methemoglobinemia . the iron atom conNitritesDiagnosisWater qualityAquariumsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183916-quelle-est-la-toxicite-de-l-ammoniaque-en-eau-douce/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/183916-quelle-est-la-toxicite-de-l-ammoniaque-en-eau-douce/fish metabolism produces nitrogen waste in the form of ammonia. in an aquarium, the ammonia in solution in the water is transformed in the biological filter into less and less toxic molecules (into nitrites then into nitrates); we are talking about the nitrogen cycle . however, it should be noted that there is no nitrogen compound that is completely devoid of effect on the fish organism. all these compounds will not have the same toxicity depending on the form in which they are presented, their AmmoniaDiagnosisTreatmentsWater qualityAquariumshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/180976-quels-sont-les-risques-lies-a-un-poisson-atteint-de-mycobacteriose/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/180976-quels-sont-les-risques-lies-a-un-poisson-atteint-de-mycobacteriose/mycobacteriosis is a bacterial disease caused by mycobacteria. it can affect both freshwater and sea fish. certain species of mycobacteria such as mycobacterium marinum or mycobacterium fortuitum can also be transmitted to humans (this is called zoonosis). in fish the symptoms are very varied. the progression of the disease is generally slow (chronic disease). we first note a progressive weight loss of the fish, discoloration, apathy, difficult swimming. at a more advanced stage, in acute forms DiagnosisTreatmentsAquariumsHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/178614-comment-mesurer-la-salinite-de-l-eau/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/178614-comment-mesurer-la-salinite-de-l-eau/it may sometimes be necessary to add salt to a freshwater aquarium or a garden pond. depending on the purpose of the salt treatment, the concentrations can vary between 0.5 g and 10 g of salt per liter of water. in these cases, the salinity can be estimated by measuring the conductivity of the water. examples of conductivity meters adapted to this measurement range : ec/tds/°c tester, 20.00 ms; 10.00 g/l (reference hanna hi 98312) ph/ec/tds/°c tester, 20.00 ms; 10.00 g/l (reference hanna hi 9813MeasurementSalinityDiagnosisTreatmentsWater qualityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177985-comment-agir-face-a-un-poisson-constipe/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177985-comment-agir-face-a-un-poisson-constipe/certain species of fish are frequently subject to digestive disorders. this is the case, for example, for goldfish, fighters, discus or african cichlids. the digestive transit slows down or even stops completely (obstruction), and in advanced cases, enteritis (filamentous white stools), swelling of the abdomen or buoyancy disorders can aggravate this clinical picture. as a first intention, it is recommended to isolate the fish from the other residents (in a dedicated aquarium), then to fast it fConstipationDiagnosisTreatmentsAquariumsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177773-quelle-est-la-liste-des-especes-de-poissons-considerees-comme-domestiques/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177773-quelle-est-la-liste-des-especes-de-poissons-considerees-comme-domestiques/the decree of august 11, 2006, emanating from the ministry of ecology and sustainable development, establishes the list of species, breeds or varieties of domestic animals. this decree includes in annex a restrictive list of species considered to be domestic in france. to date, according to french regulations, there are 5 species of domestic fish: the koi carp : cyprinus carpio ; the gold and japanese fish : carassius auratus ; the domestic breeds and varieties of guppy : poecilia reticulata ; tPonds and koiRegulationsFish healthhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177770-qu-est-ce-que-le-reglement-sanitaire-des-animaleries/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/177770-qu-est-ce-que-le-reglement-sanitaire-des-animaleries/if you carry out, on a commercial basis, the sale and presentation to the public of pets of domestic species, you are required to comply with decree of april 3, 2014. this decree specifies the health and animal protection conditions in which activities relating to pets of domestic species must be carried out. to establish the health regulations mentioned in article r214 30 of the rural and maritime fishing code, the person responsible for the activity identifies any aspect of his activities whicAquacultureRegulationsHygiene and biosecurityTransport and shippinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/174482-quel-microscope-est-adapte-a-la-detection-des-principaux-parasites-des-poissons/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/174482-quel-microscope-est-adapte-a-la-detection-des-principaux-parasites-des-poissons/it is useful to have a microscope to detect ectoparasites (skin, gills) and endoparasites (intestine) of fish. this makes it possible to reduce the use of antiparasitic drugs by treating only when necessary, but also to monitor the effectiveness of the therapies undertaken. obviously, this type of equipment represents a significant cost, and requires prior training (taking samples, preparing samples, adjusting the microscope, identifying the main parasites). recommended minimum characteristics eMicroscopyParasitesDiagnosisTreatmentshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/174473-comment-eliminer-les-planaires-nuisibles-d-un-aquarium-recifal/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/174473-comment-eliminer-les-planaires-nuisibles-d-un-aquarium-recifal/there are several kinds of planarians (red, brown, etc.). the most dangerous are the red planarians convolutriloba retrogemma . manual method remove the planarians regularly by siphoning (belling). biological method the effectiveness of biological control is uncertain because it depends on the type of planarian and the environment of the aquarium. commonly used predators are (choice of the species to adapt to the aquarium population): nudibranch: chelidonura varians (hammerhead nudibranch, toxicFlatwormsTreatmentsAquariumsHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/173676-comment-eliminer-un-poisson-mort/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/173676-comment-eliminer-un-poisson-mort/the law strictly prohibits you from disposing of the body of your animal in the toilet (article l. 226 3 of the rural code). there is no question of putting it in the trash, throwing it down the drain or abandoning it in a pond or river. if you have a garden, you can bury your fish provided you respect strict rules (article 98 of standard departmental health regulations): be the owner of the land; that it does not exceed a weight of 40 kg; dig a hole 1 meter deep and at least 35 meters from the Fish carcassesPonds and koiRegulationsTransport and shippinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/170832-comment-traiter-une-infection-bacterienne-sans-ordonnance/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/170832-comment-traiter-une-infection-bacterienne-sans-ordonnance/sometimes, it happens that it is necessary to treat one or more freshwater ornamental fish suffering from a bacterial infection without the possibility of resorting to the services of a veterinarian. in this case, there is an over the counter antibiotic available on the market (i.e., subject to veterinary prescription) which has demonstrated good effectiveness in stopping certain infections: these are medications with nifurpirinol as the active substance. the nifurpirinol, can be used according Bacterial infectionsTreatmentsAquariumsPonds and koiHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/163825-quels-roles-joue-la-vitamine-c-chez-les-poissons/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/163825-quels-roles-joue-la-vitamine-c-chez-les-poissons/vitamin c is involved in most vital functions: growth, reproduction, healing, response to stress, lipid metabolism, immunity, etc. it is therefore essential to the survival of fish which, unlike the vast majority of mammals, are incapable of synthesizing it. vitamin c acts in numerous biochemical processes: it acts as a co factor in certain reactions (cortisol and catecholamine, two steroid hormones secreted in the event of stress); it is involved in the synthesis of collagen, the main constitueVitamin CPonds and koiAquacultureFeedingRegulationshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/163161-comment-mesurer-le-pouvoir-tampon-de-l-eau-tac-kh/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/163161-comment-mesurer-le-pouvoir-tampon-de-l-eau-tac-kh/the buffering power (or alkalinity) is the ability of water to limit its ph variations under the effect of acids or bases. the higher it is, the more stable the ph will be during the day. in the absence of water change or dissolution of carbonate substrates (e.g.: limestone, oyster shells), the buffering power decreases over time, under the action of carbon dioxide (co2) produced by the respiration of fish and plants. from a chemical point of view, it is the total concentration in the water of hMeasurementBuffering capacityWater qualityDiagnosishttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161677-qu-est-ce-que-la-variole-de-la-carpe-pox-carp/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161677-qu-est-ce-que-la-variole-de-la-carpe-pox-carp/this is a cutaneous neoplasia, of viral origin, very common in carp. clinical signs appear when the water temperature is low (in fall, winter and sometimes early spring). the smallpox virus (herpesvirus, cyhv1) multiplies in the skin (the lesions look like candle wax stains), then the skin peels off (ulcer). skin ulcers can become superinfected by environmental bacteria (generally aeromonas). smallpox can also affect the fins and eyes. smallpox is contagious through close contact with infected fKoi carpCarp poxViral diseasesTreatmentsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161347-comment-euthanasier-un-poisson-d-aquarium/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161347-comment-euthanasier-un-poisson-d-aquarium/during an incurable illness, it may happen that you wish to euthanize your fish to avoid causing it to suffer unnecessarily. the choice to euthanize an animal is a difficult decision to make, but if you consider that it is preferable to end the life of your fish, in this case, it is possible to carry out this act in an ethical and safe manner. over the counter product it is enough to obtain in pharmacies, without a prescription, clove (or clove) essential oil, which contains on average between 6EuthanasiaTreatmentsAquariumshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161344-comment-doser-les-nitrites-dans-l-eau/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161344-comment-doser-les-nitrites-dans-l-eau/the determination of the concentration of nitrites in fresh water is carried out with a colorimetric test. given the required precision, it is recommended to use a photometer for the measurement. example of a single parameter photometer: mini nitrite photometer, narrow range (reference hanna hi 707) powder reagents for nitrites narrow range (hi 707), 25 tests (hanna reference hi 707 25) user instructions order in line consult note boutiqueto order a fresh water analysis.NitritesMeasurementWater qualityDiagnosishttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161341-comment-doser-l-ammoniaque-dans-l-eau/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/161341-comment-doser-l-ammoniaque-dans-l-eau/the determination of the ammonia concentration in fresh water is carried out with a colorimetric test. given the required precision, it is recommended to use a photometer for the measurement. example of a single parameter photometer: mini ammonia photometer, low range (hanna hi 700 reference) reagents for low range ammonia (hi 700), 25 tests (reference hanna hi 700 25) instructions for use continuous monitoring of free (toxic) ammonia ammonia alert from seachem is an innovative chromatic device MeasurementAmmoniaWater qualityDiagnosishttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151798-qu-est-ce-que-le-hikui/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151798-qu-est-ce-que-le-hikui/hikui is a benign skin disease found in certain varieties of koi carp (kohaku, sanke, showa). it affects individuals over 2 years old with a very good red quality and affects both males and females. this disease initially affects red skin areas (hi) but can spread to other colors (especially white). clinically, diseased individuals develop hyperplasia of the epidermis, then inflammation and finally skin erosion (japanese breeders initially called it "hi kui wa mu" because of of the appearance ofHikuiGarden pondsViral diseasesParasitesDiagnosishttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151566-qu-est-ce-que-la-shv/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151566-qu-est-ce-que-la-shv/viral hemorrhagic septicemia (shv or vhs in english for viral hemorrhagic septicemia) is caused by the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vshv, synonym: egtved virus). it is a major cause of mortality of rainbow trout in farming. brown trout, grayling, whitefish and pike are susceptible to this virus, as well as marine species such as turbot and cod. animals of all ages can be affected, but the disease is more common and severe in juveniles. natural infection is transmitted horizontally throughVHSViral diseasesAquacultureHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151565-qu-est-ce-que-la-nhi/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151565-qu-est-ce-que-la-nhi/infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn) is caused by the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihn). it is a highly infectious viral disease affecting several species of salmonids. the main clinical and economic consequences of ihn occur in aquaculture farms producing rainbow trout where acute manifestations can result in very high mortality. spawn and juveniles less than 6 months old are the most susceptible to ihn. atlantic, keta, silver, japanese, sockeye and chinook salmon can also be seIHNViral diseasesDiagnosisAquacultureRegulationshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151564-quels-sont-les-principaux-virus-pathogenes-des-poissons/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/151564-quels-sont-les-principaux-virus-pathogenes-des-poissons/there are many pathogenic viruses in fish intended for human consumption or ornamental fish. they are found in both fresh water and sea water. the detection of these viruses requires the use of laboratory analyzes (cell culture, immunology or molecular diagnosis). alloherpesviridae type: dsdna (300 kbp) detection methods: cytopathic effect, ifat, pcr, qpcr virus and diseasesspecies sensitivesymptomscyhv3 (= khv): koi herpesviruskoi carp, common carpskin discoloration, lethargy, loss of balance, Viral diseasesDiagnosisAquariumsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/149581-qu-est-ce-que-l-agrement-zoosanitaire-d-une-pisciculture-et-qui-est-concerne/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/149581-qu-est-ce-que-l-agrement-zoosanitaire-d-une-pisciculture-et-qui-est-concerne/placing aquaculture animals on the market with or without profit is an activity subject to obtaining zoosanitary approval as long as it involves a risk of spreading aquatic animal diseases. zoosanitary approval is required for: all aquaculture farms (primary production) which place live aquaculture animals on the market; processing establishments who slaughter aquaculture animals as part of the fight against diseases deemed to be contagious in aquaculture animals (in the case of a prefectural deAnimal-health approvalDiagnosisAquacultureFeedingRegulationshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142035-comment-prevenir-et-controler-la-khvd/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142035-comment-prevenir-et-controler-la-khvd/error message warning : preg replace(): compilation failed: utf 8 error: byte 2 top bits not 0x80 at offset 5186 in search excerpt() (line 1256 in modules/search/search.module ). warning : preg replace(): compilation failed: utf 8 error: byte 2 top bits not 0x80 at offset 5186 in search excerpt() (line 1256 in modules/search/search.module ). vaccination there is currently no effective and safe vaccine. some countries outside the eu, such as israel, use attenuated viral strains which only provideKHVPreventionViral diseasesHygiene and biosecurityhttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142033-comment-detecter-le-virus-cyhv3-ou-khv/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142033-comment-detecter-le-virus-cyhv3-ou-khv/there are two types of methods for detecting the virus responsible for koi herpes virosis: direct method: search for viral dna by pcr (polymerase chain reaction) it is a molecular method of amplification of the genes of the virus which makes it possible to detect it in the organs of the fish. this test is recommended by the o.i.e. (office internationale des epizooties) and the only one currently validated in france to confirm an episode of khvd. limitation of this test: viral dna is difficult toKHVDetectionViral diseasesDiagnosisPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142030-comment-s-exprime-l-herpes-virose-de-la-carpe-koi-khvd/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142030-comment-s-exprime-l-herpes-virose-de-la-carpe-koi-khvd/clinically, we can observe hypersecretion of mucus, skin and gill ulcers, congestion of the skin and fins, lethargy with possible phases of hyperactivity, enophthalmos (eyes retracted into their orbits)... the expression of the disease varies depending on the temperature, the population and the breeding conditions. it is expressed between 16 and 26°c but never below 13°c and above 30°c. high temperature inhibits viral multiplication and below it is too slow or inactive. fish infected below 13°c Koi carpKHVViral diseasesPonds and koiAquaculturehttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142029-qu-est-ce-que-le-khv/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/142029-qu-est-ce-que-le-khv/this is a herpesvirus, also called (cyhv3 for cyprinus herpes virus type 3) which causes a severe and very contagious viral infection in cyprinidae. the disease caused by this virus is called koi herpes virus disease (or khvd for koi herpes virus disease). it is responsible for very significant mortality (80 to 100%). sensitive species are common carp, koi carp, ghost carp, as well as carp x goldfish crosses. as this is a first category health hazard, any case of khvd must be reported to the heaKHVViral diseasesAquariumsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130503-comment-preparer-un-bain-antiparasitaire-au-metronidazole/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130503-comment-preparer-un-bain-antiparasitaire-au-metronidazole/metronidazole is a molecule which has good solubility in water but whose crystals are quite large. in order to accelerate its complete dissolution, the powder can be mixed with lukewarm tap water.MetronidazoleTherapeutic bathsPreparationParasitesTreatmentshttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130496-quel-type-de-sel-utiliser-pour-faire-des-bains-therapeutiques/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130496-quel-type-de-sel-utiliser-pour-faire-des-bains-therapeutiques/to carry out salt baths in fresh water, you must use a salt that is non iodized, non fluorinated, and without anti caking agent . we recommend the following salts: lick stone for horses and ruminants: block of sel'pur(100% sodium chloride), 5, 12 or 25 kg. available in agricultural cooperatives. salt tablets for domestic softeners, generally in 10 or 25 kg bags. these tablets must contain at least 99.9% sodium chloride and comply with the following standards: en 973 (quality a), en 14805 (type 1SalinityTherapeutic bathsTreatmentsPonds and koiFeedinghttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130493-comment-agir-en-urgence-pour-faire-degonfler-un-poisson-d-eau-douce-atteint-de-trouble-osmotique/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130493-comment-agir-en-urgence-pour-faire-degonfler-un-poisson-d-eau-douce-atteint-de-trouble-osmotique/following an alteration of the skin or branchial epithelium by compounds such as ammonia or by ectoparasites, freshwater fish can begin to swell (cutaneous edema, dropsy), by osmotic imbalance between the internal environment of the fish and the external environment. to "deflate" the fish, it can be placed in water with a salt concentration (essentially chloride of sodium) is artificially increased above 3 grams per liter of water. classically for carp and goldfish, the salinity is increased to Osmotic disordersParasitesWater qualityAquariumsPonds and koihttps://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130492-comment-preparer-un-bain-antiparasitaire-de-praziquantel/https://vetofish.com/en/frequently-asked-questions/130492-comment-preparer-un-bain-antiparasitaire-de-praziquantel/praziquantel is a molecule that is relatively poorly soluble in water (400 mg/l). to promote its suspension, there are 2 methods: aqueous method add the powder to a bowl; gradually pour lukewarm tap water while kneading until it forms a homogeneous liquid with the consistency of pancake batter; add the suspension obtained under the surface of the water in the basin at the outlet of the pump. solvent method the powder can be "wet" with a little organic solvent, such as acetone, alcohol (unmodifiePraziquantelTherapeutic bathsPreparationParasitesTreatments